Related Research Articles
Gastric bypass surgery refers to a technique in which the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower "remnant" pouch and then the small intestine is rearranged to connect to both. Surgeons have developed several different ways to reconnect the intestine, thus leading to several different gastric bypass procedures (GBP). Any GBP leads to a marked reduction in the functional volume of the stomach, accompanied by an altered physiological and physical response to food.
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), also known as stomach stapling, is a form of bariatric surgery for weight control. The VBG procedure involves using a band and staples to create a small stomach pouch. In the bottom of the pouch is an approximate one-centimeter hole through which the pouch contents can flow into the remainder of the stomach and hence on to the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract.
Bypass surgery refers to a class of surgery involving rerouting a tubular body part.
The duodenal switch (DS) procedure, gastric reduction duodenal switch (GRDS), is a weight loss surgery procedure that is composed of a restrictive and a malabsorptive aspect.
A laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, commonly called a lap-band, A band, or LAGB, is an inflatable silicone device placed around the top portion of the stomach to treat obesity, intended to decrease food consumption.
Marc Bessler is an American surgeon known for his innovations in bariatrics. He is currently the United States Surgical Professor of Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center and also serves as a content contributor for Bariatric Surgery Source. Bessler specializes in surgical management of morbid obesity and laparoscopic surgery of the stomach, among other specialties.
Sleeve gastrectomy or vertical sleeve gastrectomy, is a surgical weight-loss procedure, typically performed laparoscopically, in which approximately 75 - 85% of the stomach is removed, along the greater curvature, which leaves a cylindrical, or "sleeve"-shaped stomach the size of a banana. Weight loss is affected not only through the reduction of the organ's size, but by the removal of the portion of it that produces ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates appetite. Patients can lose 50-70 percent of excess weight over the course of the two years that follow the surgery. The procedure is irreversible, though in some uncommon cases, patients can regain the lost weight, via resumption of poor dietary habits, or dilation of the stomach over time, which can require gastric sleeve revision surgery to either repair the sleeve or convert it to another type of weight loss method that may produce better results, such as a gastric bypass or duodenal switch.
Bariatric surgery is a medical term for surgical procedures used to manage obesity and obesity-related conditions. Long term weight loss with bariatric surgery may be achieved through alteration of gut hormones, physical reduction of stomach size, reduction of nutrient absorption, or a combination of these. Standard of care procedures include Roux en-Y bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, from which weight loss is largely achieved by altering gut hormone levels responsible for hunger and satiety, leading to a new hormonal weight set point.
The American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) is a non-profit medical organization dedicated to metabolic and bariatric surgery, and obesity-related diseases and conditions. It was established in 1983, and its stated vision is “to improve the public health and well being of society by lessening the burden of obesity and obesity-related diseases throughout the world.”
StomaphyX is an endoscopic suturing system designed to treat patients who have had previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Following this surgery, the stomach pouch and stomach outlet (stoma) becomes enlarged in some patients. The StomaphyX device can be used to restrict the size of the stoma without exposing the patient to further surgical risk.
Jejunoileal bypass (JIB) was a surgical weight-loss procedure performed for the relief of morbid obesity from the 1950s through the 1970s in which all but 30 cm (12 in) to 45 cm (18 in) of the small bowel were detached and set to the side.
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is an advanced, minimally invasive (keyhole) procedure in which the surgeon operates almost exclusively through a single entry point, typically the patient's umbilicus (navel). Special articulating instruments and access ports eliminate the need to place trochars externally for triangulation, thus allowing the creation of a small, solitary portal of entry into the abdomen.
SADI-S is a bariatric surgical technique to address metabolic disorders and to lose weight. It is a variation on the Duodenal Switch surgery, incorporating a vertical sleeve gastrectomy with a gastric bypass technique.
A duodenal-jejunal bypass liner, commonly called an EndoBarrier, is an implantable medical device in the form of a thin flexible 60 cm-long tube that creates a physical barrier between ingested food and the duodenum/proximal jejunum. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner prevents the interaction of food with enzymes and hormones in the proximal intestine to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. The duodenal-jejunal bypass liner is delivered endoscopically and has been tested on the morbidly obese as well as obese patients with a BMI less than 40, particularly those with difficult-to-manage type 2 diabetes. Despite a handful of serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, and device migration — all resolved with device removal — initial clinical trials have produced promising results in the treatment's ability to improve weight loss and glucose homeostasis outcomes.
Ileal Interposition is a Metabolic Surgery procedure, used to treat overweight diabetic patients through surgical means. First presented by the Brazilian surgeon Aureo De Paula in 1999, this technique is applied by placing ileum, which is the distal part of the small intestine, either between stomach and the proximal part of the small intestine (1) or by placing the ileum to the proximal part of the small intestine without touching the natural connections of the stomach (2). There are 2 different versions of the operation. Sleeve gastrectomy procedure is standard for both of the versions.
Stomach Intestinal Pylorus-Sparing (SIPS) surgery is a type of weight-loss surgery. It was developed in 2013 by two U.S. surgeons, Daniel Cottam from Utah and Mitchell S. Roslin from New York.
Jejunojejunostomy is a surgical technique used in an anastomosis between two portions of the jejunum. It is a type of bypass occurring in the intestine. It may lead to marked reduction in the functional volume of the intestine. This technique is also performed using Laparoscopic surgery. The surgical procedure can lead to complications including infections, hemorrhage, strictures, ulcers, intestinal obstruction, thromboembolism and malnutrition.
In medicine, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally-invasive, non-surgical (incisionless), endoscopic weight loss procedure that is part of the field of endoscopic bariatric therapies. To perform ESG, a physician sutures a patient’s stomach into a narrower, smaller tube-like configuration. The result is a more restricted stomach that forces patients to feel fuller sooner, eating fewer calories, which facilitates weight loss.
Intestinal bypass is a bariatric surgery performed on patients with morbid obesity to create an irreversible weight loss, when implementing harsh restrictions on the diets have failed. Jejunocolic anastomosis was firstly employed. Nonetheless, it led to some unexpected complications such as severe electrolyte imbalance and liver failure. It was then modified to jejunoileal techniques. Viewed as a novel form of treatment for obesity, many intestinal bypass operations were carried out in the 1960s and 1980s. Significant weight loss was observed in patients, but this surgery also resulted in several complications, for instance, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic problems. Due to the presence of surgical alternatives and anti-obesity medications, intestinal bypass is now rarely used.
Edward Eaton Mason was an American surgeon, professor, and medical researcher who specialized in obesity surgery. He is known for developing restrictive gastric surgery for morbidly obese patients. Mason introduced the first gastric bypass surgery in 1966 and was the inventor of the first vertical banded gastroplasty surgery in 1980.
References
- ↑
- Mal Fobi1, Hoil Lee2, Daniel Igwe Jr3, Elaine James4, Malgorzata Stanczyk5, Philomina Eyong6, Basil Felahy7 and Julius Tambi8. "Revision of Failed Gastric Bypass to Distal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Review of 65 Cases",
- ↑ "Revisional Bariatric Surgery". University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Retrieved 20 Sep 2020.
- ↑ AHRQ Study Finds Weight-loss Surgeries Quadrupled in Five Years. Press Release, July 12, 2005. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/news/press/pr2005/wtlosspr.htm
- ↑ Medical and surgical options in the treatment of severe obesity, Barry L. Fisher, M.D., Philip Schauer, M.D., American Journal of Surgery, Volume 184 • Number 6B • December 2002
- ↑ Revisional Surgery After Failed Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: Restoration of Vertical Banded Gastroplasty or Conversion to Gastric Bypass, Journal Obesity Surgery, Springer New York, ISSN 0960-8923 ISSN 1708-0428, Volume 8, Number 1 / February, 1998, doi : 10.1381/096089298765555006, pp. 21-28, Subject Collection Medicine, SpringerLink Date Wednesday, September 26, 2007
- ↑ Adjustable Gastric Banding as a Revisional Bariatric Procedure after Failed Gastric Bypas, M Bessler, A Daud, MF DiGiorgi, L Olivero-Rivera, Obesity Surgery, 2005 - Springer
- ↑ The weight reduction operation of choice : vertical banded gastroplasty or gastric bypass, CAPELLA J. F. (1) ; CAPELLA R. F. ; SUGERMAN H. J. (Commentateur) ; BROLIN R. E. (Commentateur) ;, The American journal of surgery, ISSN 0002-9610, CODEN AJSUAB
- ↑ Outcomes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity, Schauer, Philip R. MD; Ikramuddin, Sayeed MD; Gourash, William CRNP; Ramanathan, Ramesh MD; Luketich, James MD, Annals of Surgery. 232(4):515-529, October 2000,
- ↑ Outcomes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity, Schauer, Philip R. MD; Ikramuddin, Sayeed MD; Gourash, William CRNP; Ramanathan, Ramesh MD; Luketich, James MD, Annals of Surgery. 232(4):515-529, October 2000,
- ↑ Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Study of Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Costs, NT Nguyen, C Goldman, CJ Rosenquist, A Arango, CJ … - Annals of Surgery, 2001 - annalsofsurgery.com
- ↑ Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy as Treatment for Morbid Obesity: Technique and Short-Term Outcome, Paul E Roa, Orit Kaidar-Person, David Pinto, Minyoung Cho, Samuel Szomstein and Raul J Rosenthal, Obesity Surgery, Volume 16, Number 10 / October, 2006 Springer New York, ISSN 0960-8923
- ↑ Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy is Superior to Endoscopic Intragastric Balloon as a First Stage, L Milone, V Strong, M Gagner - Obesity Surgery, 2005 - Springer
- ↑ The role of endoscopy in bariatrics, Shou-jiang Tang MDa and Don C. Rockey MDa, 2008 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Published by Elsevier Inc.