Total population | |
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Spanish-born residents in the United Kingdom: 180,730 – 0.3% (2021/22 Census) [note 1] England: 163,848– 0.3% (2021) [1] Scotland: 12,208 – 0.2% (2022) [2] Wales: 3,068 – 0.1% (2021) [1] Northern Ireland: 1,606 – 0.08% (2021) [3] Spanish citizens/passports held: 216,728 (England and Wales only, 2021) [4] Citizens registered with Spanish consulate 102,498 (2016) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
West London (Kensington, Chelsea, Lambeth, Holborn), Manchester, Bristol, Nottingham, Cambridge | |
Languages | |
British English, Peninsular Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Roman Catholic | |
Related ethnic groups | |
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Spanish people |
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Rojigualda (historical Spanish flag) |
Regional groups |
Other groups
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Significant Spanish diaspora |
Languages |
Other languages |
Category Spainportal |
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British people |
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United Kingdom |
Eastern European |
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West Asian |
African and Afro-Caribbean |
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Oceanian |
Spaniards in the United Kingdom are people of Spanish descent resident in Britain. They may be British citizens or non-citizen immigrants.
Spanish and English royalty intermarried on numerous occasions, a notable example is found in King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, parents of King Edward II. In 1501, Catherine of Aragon came to London aged 15. After the early death of her first husband, she became Henry VIII's first wife. Their daughter, Mary Tudor attempted to re-introduce Catholicism as the state religion during her own reign and married Philip II of Spain. Both women at that time brought the influence of Spanish culture to the royal court. [5]
After the bombing of Guernica, 4,091 refugees, the vast majority of them children under 15, arrived in Southampton on the SS Habana. [6] They were cared for in 'colonies' mostly in and around the Home counties. [6] The children began to be repatriated in November 1937. [6]
The 2001 UK Census recorded 54,482 Spanish-born people. [7] 54,105 of these were resident in Great Britain (that is, the UK excluding Northern Ireland). [8] The equivalent figure in the 1991 Census was 38,606. [8] The census tracts with the highest numbers of Spanish-born residents in 2001 were Kensington, Regent's Park and Chelsea, all in west London. [8] The 2011 UK Census recorded 77,554 Spanish-born residents in England, 1,630 in Wales, [9] 4,908 in Scotland [10] and 703 in Northern Ireland. [11] According to Instituto Nacional de Estadística statistics, the number of Spanish citizens registered with the Spanish consulate in the UK was 102,498 as of 1 January 2016. [12] The Office for National Statistics estimates that the Spanish-born population of the UK was 164,000 in 2020. [13] At the time of the 2021 census in England and Wales, there were 163,848 Spanish-born residents in England, and 3,068 in Wales. [14] Additionally, there were 216,728 Spanish passport holders in England & Wales, and increase of over 130,000 since the time of the 2011 census. [15] The areas with the highest concentrations of Spanish citizens were South and West London, including the boroughs of Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, and Southwark. The North West also has a significant Spanish population in Lancashire and Manchester. [16]
According to analysis by the Institute for Public Policy Research, 71.22 per cent of recent Spanish immigrants to the UK of working age are employed as opposed to unemployed or inactive (which includes students), compared to 73.49 per cent of British-born people. 15.05 per cent of recent Spanish-born immigrants are low earners, defined as having an income of less than £149.20 per week (compared to 21.08 per cent of British-born people), and 2.15 per cent are high earners, earning more than £750 per week (compared to 6.98 per cent of British-born people). Amongst settled Spanish-born immigrants, 71.48 per cent are employed, with 23.44 per cent being low earners and 7.81 per cent high earners. [17]
There is a Spanish school in London, Instituto Español Vicente Cañada Blanch.
Demographics of Wales include the numbers in population, place of birth, age, ethnicity, religion, and number of marriages in Wales.
The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom. In the period January to December 2016, there were groups from 22 foreign countries that were estimated to consist of at least 100,000 individuals residing in the UK.
White British is an ethnicity classification used for the indigenous White population identifying as English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Northern Irish, or British in the United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population was 49,997,686, 81.5% of Great Britain's total population. For the United Kingdom entirely, due to different reporting measures within Northern Ireland which includes all those who identified as British with those who identified as Irish, an amalgamated total of 52,320,080 including those who identified as White Irish in Great Britain is given making up 82.8% of the population.
British Nigerians have formed long-established communities in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities. Many Nigerians and their British-born descendants in Britain live in South London, and they are one of the larger immigrant groups in the country.
Germans in the United Kingdom form one of the largest minority groups in the country. Today, there are many Germans living in the United Kingdom, and many Britons or German British have German ancestry, including the British royal family. While those born in Germany constitute one of the UK's largest foreign-born groups, many are British nationals, rather than German nationals, who were born in Germany to British military personnel based there.
French migration to the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that has occurred at various points in history. The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 resulted in the arrival of Normans, while in the 16th and 17th centuries Protestant Huguenots fled religious persecution to East London. Other waves are associated with monasticism, particularly post-conquest Benedictines and Cistercians, aristocracy fleeing the French Revolution, expulsion of religious orders by Third Republic France, and current expats.
Filipinos in the United Kingdom are British citizens or immigrants who are of Filipino ancestry.
Portuguese in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the UK who are connected to the country of Portugal by birth, descent or citizenship.
Zimbabweans Britons are British people who were born in Zimbabwe or can trace their ancestry to immigrants from Zimbabwe who emigrated to the United Kingdom. While the first natives of the country then known as Southern Rhodesia arrived in Britain in larger numbers from the late-1960s, the majority of immigrants arrived during the 1990s and 2000s. The Zimbabwean community in the UK is extremely diverse, consisting of individuals of differing racial, ethnic, class, and political groups. There are a diverse mix of asylum seekers, professionals, investors, businesspeople, labour migrants, students, graduates, undocumented migrants, and others who have gained British citizenship.
South Africans in the United Kingdom include citizens and residents of the United Kingdom with origins in South Africa.
Romanians in the United Kingdom refers to Romanian immigrants in the United Kingdom, both citizens and non-citizens, along with British citizens of Romanian ancestry. The number of Romanian-born people resident in the UK has risen from 83,168 at the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census to 538,840 in England and Wales alone in 2021.
Peruvians in the United Kingdom or Peruvian Britons are Peruvian immigrants to the United Kingdom, who form part of the larger Latin American community in the UK. In 2001, the number of Peruvian-born immigrants was the sixth largest amongst all Latin American immigrants to the UK.
Czechs in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Czech people migrating to the United Kingdom from the Czech Republic or from the political entities that preceded it, such as Czechoslovakia. There are some people in the UK who were either born in the Czech lands or have Czech ancestry, some of whom descended from Jewish refugees who arrived during World War II.
Thais in the United Kingdom are British citizens who trace their Thai ancestry from migrants who have migrated from Thailand or Thais residing in the United Kingdom for work or educational purposes.
Trinidadian and Tobagonian British people are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom whose ethnic origins lie fully or partially in Trinidad and Tobago.
New Zealanders in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom who originate from New Zealand.
Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom are people from Hong Kong who are residing in the United Kingdom or British nationals of Hong Kong origin or descent.
According to ONS estimates in 2019 there were 76,000 Nepalese-born people in the United Kingdom.
Lithuanians in the United Kingdom include individuals born in Lithuania who have migrated to the UK, among them Lithuanian citizens of Russian descent and Polish Lithuanian citizens, as well as their British-born descendants. The 2011 UK Census recorded 95,730 Lithuanian-born residents in England, 1,353 in Wales, 4,287 in Scotland, and 7,341 in Northern Ireland. The previous, 2001 UK Census, had recorded 4,363 Lithuanian-born residents. The Office for National Statistics estimates that 144,000 Lithuanian-born immigrants were resident in the UK in 2013.
Angolans people in the United Kingdom includes British citizens and non-citizen immigrants and expatriates of Angolan descent in the United Kingdom.