UMC Green CPU

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UMC Green CPU
UMC Green CPU 486 40 MHz.jpg
A UMC U5SD microprocessor rated for 40 MHz motherboards.
General information
Launchedca. 1990s
Common manufacturer(s)
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate 33 MHz to 40 MHz
Data width32 bits [1]
Address width32 bits [1]
Virtual address width32 bits (linear); 46 bits (logical) [1]
Architecture and classification
Technology node 0.6 μm to 0.35 μm
Instruction set x86-16, IA-32 including x87 (except for U5SD)
Physical specifications
Package(s)

The UMC Green CPU was an x86-compatible microprocessor produced by UMC, a Taiwanese semiconductor company, in the early- to mid-1990s. It was offered as an alternative to the Intel 80486 with which it was pin compatible, enabling it to be installed in most 80486 motherboards. All models had power management features intended to reduce electricity consumption.

Contents

Models produced

The UMC Green CPU was available with different features, physical characteristics and clock speeds. [2] Some of which were only sold in limited quantities.

Available models

All models feature an 8 KB level 1 cache and operate at clock speeds of 25 MHz, 33 MHz, or 40 MHz.

Model FPU Package VoltageNotes
U5SNo CPGA 5.0 VCompatible with the 486SX.
U5DYesCompatible with the 486DX, very few were produced.
U5SXNoCPGA, PPGA, PQFP Identical to the U5S, the QFP version was available as an embedded solution or attached to a PGA adapter.
U5SDCPGAFew were produced. Functionally identical to U5S and U5SX but with 486DX pinout.
U5SFPQFPPlastic Package, an embedded solution for smaller computers.
U5SLV3.3 VLow-voltage version
U5FLVLow-voltage version, often embedded on the motherboard.

Functionally all models except U5D are identical and only differed in their intended application, voltage rating or physical packaging. The U5SD does not contain a floating point unit and is indistinguishable from other U5S chips in operation, though it is unusual because it features a 486DX pinout [3] as opposed to the more common 486SX pinout versions. This would allow installation into certain older motherboards which may have had upgrade sockets hardwired to fit only 486DX chips.

Production and fabrication

As one of the largest chip foundry owners in Taiwan, UMC owns several fabrication plants which allowed them to fabricate their own designs, whereas some other manufacturers, notably Cyrix, had to contract this process out to third parties such as IBM and Texas Instruments. All available models of Green CPU were produced on a 0.6  μm CMOS process. [4] The chips were available in both plastic and ceramic packages for different applications. The majority of PQFP variants were sold to motherboard manufacturers as a low-cost embedded solution.

Performance

Die shot of a UMC U5S microprocessor. UMC U5S die.JPG
Die shot of a UMC U5S microprocessor.

The UMC U5 Series design was focused on microcode optimizations. An equivalently clocked Intel or AMD processor required 40 cycles to perform an integer division whereas the UMC processors required only 7, allowing the instruction to complete significantly faster. Performance is generally observed to be higher than competing processors on a clock-for-clock basis; The 40 MHz U5S model being comparable to an AMD Am486SX2 at 66 MHz with correctly configured motherboards. [5]

Due to an error in the microcode, Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition identifies some processors as an Intel Pentium MMX which could cause the operating system and software running within it to crash or exhibit undefined behavior.

Clock doubling version

UMC produced a small quantity of clock doubling processors labeled as the U486DX2. These processors were designed to compete with other clock doubling solutions such as the Intel 80486DX2, AMD Am486DX2 and Cyrix Cx486DX2, but due to ongoing legal troubles UMC withdrew the U486DX2 from production. The processor was only ever produced as an engineering sample and never made it to market, [6] it was manufactured with a 0.35 μm CMOS process and is contained within a ceramic package. [7]

In 1994, Intel alleged that UMC had infringed upon its patent for the 80486 microprocessor and filed complaints against UMC and its distributors. [8] UMC countered the claims with an anti-trust suit and the case was eventually settled out of court with UMC withdrawing their product and ceasing production of 80486-compatible microprocessors.

As a result of the dispute, all processors were prohibited from sale within the United States and were visibly labelled as such. Placement of this label varies, the ceramic U5S and U5D models typically display "Not for U.S. sale or import" as part of the silkscreen on the top of the chip where the U5SX and U5SD models usually had "NOT FOR U.S. SALE" printed onto the golden die cover on the underside of the package. This labelling is often absent from plastic packages.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Intel (July 1997). Embedded Intel486 Processor Hardware Reference Manual (273025-001).
  2. http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/80486/MANUF-UMC.html A page which documents several versions of the UMC Green CPU.
  3. "Text file with information from the 1994-1995 UMC Data Book".
  4. http://www.opennet.ru/docs/FAQ/hardware/chiplist-part3.html Web page documenting several processors and their fabrication.
  5. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Aigi3Xn2U-_vdGtKeFpIU2pKWTl2N0J6UFh6Z0E2TWc&usp=sharing#gid=0 Benchmark showing various processors, including the U5S and U5SX.
  6. http://www.cpu-museo.it/486umc.html Web page documenting the U486DX2 version of this CPU.
  7. https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.phantom.sannata.ru/forum/index.php%3Ft%3D13090%26a%3Ddo_print&prev=/search%3Fq%3DUMC%2BU5S%2B0.6%2Bmicron%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DVei%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dsb Page talking about various UMC Green CPU models which notes the Micron process of the U486DX2.
  8. http://www.cpushack.com/2012/09/06/intel-vs-the-world-the-338-patent/ An article which talks about the Intel VS. UMC case.