11th Corps (People's Republic of China)

Last updated

  • 11th Corps (1949–52)
  • 11th Army Corps (1969–85)
Active
  • 1949.3–1950.7
  • 1951.1–1952.10
  • 1969.11–1985.12
CountryFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China
AllegianceFlag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Communist Party of China
BranchGround Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Liberation Army Ground Force
Part of Kunming Military Region
Garrison/HQ Dali, Yunnan
Engagements

The 11th Corps (later the 11th Army Corps) (Chinese :第11军) was a military formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from the 1940s, and during the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979. It was stationed in the Kunming Military Region.

Chinese language family of languages

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases not mutually intelligible, language varieties, forming the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the Han majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language.

Peoples Liberation Army combined military forces of the Peoples Republic of China

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its founding and ruling political party, the Communist Party of China (CPC). The PLA consists of five professional service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Rocket Force, and the Strategic Support Force. Units around the country are assigned to one of five Theater commands by geographical location. The PLA is the world's largest military force and constitutes the second largest defence budget in the world. It is one of the fastest modernising military powers in the world and has been termed as a potential military superpower, with significant regional defense and rising global power projection capabilities. China is also the third largest arms exporter in the world.

Sino-Vietnamese War war between the Peoples Republic of China and Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1979

The Sino-Vietnamese War, also known as the Third Indochina War, was a brief border war fought between China and Vietnam in early 1979. China launched an offensive in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978.

Contents

First Formation

The 11th Corps was activated on March 1, 1949, from 3rd Column, Zhongyuan Field Army. In March–December 1949 it was part of Ch'en Tsi-Lien's 3rd Army of the Second Field Army. [1] The Corps was composed of the 31st Division, 32nd Division and 33rd Division. [2] During the war its commander was Chen Jiagui, and Political Commissar-Zhang Qi.

Second Field Army

The Second Field Army was a military formation of the Chinese Communist Party during the last stages of the Chinese Civil War.

The 33rd Division was created in March 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 9th Division, 3rd Column of the Zhongyuan Field Army. Its history can be traced to the 8th Brigade, 3rd Column of Zhongyuan Field Army, formed in October 1945.

In early 1950 the corps was stationed in eastern Sichuan Province. During its deployment in Sichuan, the corps supported 18th Corps' invasion of Tibet.

The 18th Corps was a military formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army which existed from 1949 to 1950.

Battle of Chamdo

The Battle of Chamdo occurred from 6 through 19 October 1950. It was a military campaign by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to retake the Chamdo Region from a de facto independent Tibetan government after months of failed negotiations on the status of Tibet. At the time, most countries of the world, as well as the United Nations, recognized Tibet as a part of the preceding Republic of China (ROC). The campaign aimed not to invade Tibet per se but to capture the Lhasa army occupying Chamdo, demoralize the Lhasa government, and to exert pressure to get Tibetan representatives to agree to negotiations in Beijing and sign terms recognizing China's sovereignty over Tibet. The campaign resulted in the capture of Chamdo and further negotiations between the PRC and Tibetan representatives that eventually resulted in the incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China.

In July 1950 the corps was inactivated. Headquarters, 11th Corps was transferred to the Navy's control and converted as Qingdao Naval Base (now North Sea Fleet).

Peoples Liberation Army Navy maritime warfare branch of Chinas military

The People's Liberation Army Navy, also known as the PLA Navy, is the naval warfare branch of the People's Liberation Army, which is the armed wing of the Communist Party of China and, by default, the national armed forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLAN can trace its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chinese Civil War and was established in September 1950. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Soviet Union provided assistance to the PLAN in the form of naval advisers and export of equipment and technology. Until the late 1980s, the PLAN was largely a riverine and littoral force. However, by the 1990s, following the fall of the Soviet Union and a shift towards a more forward-oriented foreign and security policy, the leaders of the Chinese military were freed from worrying over land border disputes, and instead turned their attention towards the seas. This led to the development of the People's Liberation Army Navy into a green-water navy by 2009. Before the 1990s the PLAN had traditionally played a subordinate role to the People's Liberation Army Ground Force.

North Sea Fleet Chinese naval fleet

The Northern Theater Command Navy, or the North Sea Fleet is one of the three fleets of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, under the Northern Theater Command. In September 1950 the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou, the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou.

2nd Formation

In January 1951, 31st Division was detached and transferred to 12th Corps control, which later moved into Korea as a part of People's Volunteer Army.

Peoples Volunteer Army Communist Chinese forces during the Korean War


The (Chinese) People's Volunteer Army was the armed expatriate volunteer forces deployed by the People's Republic of China during the War to Resist the United States and aid North Korea. Although all units in the Chinese People's Volunteer Army were actually transferred from the People's Liberation Army under orders of Mao Zedong, the People's Volunteer Army was separately constituted in order to prevent an official war with the United States. The People's Volunteer Army entered Korea on October 19, 1950, and completely withdrew by October 1958. The nominal commander and political commissar of the PVA was Peng Dehuai before the ceasefire agreement in 1953, although both Chen Geng and Deng Hua served as acting commander and commissar after April 1952 due to Peng's illness. The initial units in the PVA included 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 50th, 66th Corp totaling 250,000 men, and eventually about 3 million Chinese civilian and military personnel served in Korea by July 1953.

In March, 32nd and 33rd Division moved to Langfang, Hebei. In July, 11th Corps (2nd Formation) was activated from 32nd, 33rd and 182nd Divisions.

Langfang Prefecture-level city in Hebei, Peoples Republic of China

Langfang, is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province, which was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. The name Langfang means "gallery square". At the 2010 census, the population of Langfang was 4,358,839, of whom 868,066 lived in the built-up area made of Guangyang and Anci districts; its total area is around 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi). Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest, Cangzhou to the south, Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing, so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area.

Hebei Province

Hebei is a province of China in the North China region. The modern province was established in 1911 as Zhili Province or Chihli Province. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (Jì), named after Ji Province, a Han dynasty province (zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The name Hebei literally means "north of the river", referring to its location entirely to the north of the Yellow River.

The unit is a reserve formation for the People's Volunteer Army, but it never deployed into the Korean Peninsula. In October 1952 the corps was inactivated.

3rd Formation

On November 14, 1969, the 11th Army Corps (Chinese :陆军第11军) was activated in Dali, Yunnan. The army corps was composed of 31st and 32nd Army Divisions, making it a rare practice of "Reduced Army Corps" (which was composed of 2 instead of 3 divisions). Artillery Regiment and Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, 11th Army Corps was then activated.

In May 1976, the Tank Regiment of the 11th Army Corps was activated from Independent Tank Regiment of Kunming Military Region (former 4th Independent Tank Regiment of Beijing Military Region).

Sino-Vietnamese War

In 1979 the corps took part in the Sino-Vietnamese War. During the conflict the army corps was strengthened with the Independent Division of Yunnan Provincial Military Region, and in May 1979, was renamed as 33rd Army Division. 32nd Army Division was temporarily detached from the army corps as the reserve force of Kunming Military Region.

The main force of 11th Army Corps, without its 32nd Army Division and Tank Regiment, thrust 34 km into Vietnam territory in the 55-day-long campaign (with 22 days outside the Chinese border), basically destroyed 1 PAVN regiment and 3 battalions and seized Phong Thổ. During the campaign, the army corps inflicted 2899 casualties on confronting PAVN forces and captured 58 captives.

From April 4 to 29, 1984, 11th Army Corps took part in the Battle of Zheyinshan. During its deployment, the army corps inflicted 500 casualties on confronting PAVN forces, captured 18 POWs and 19 artillery pieces.

From August 4 to December 9, 1984, 11th Army Corps took part in the Battle of Laoshan. During its deployment, the army corps inflicted 1698 casualties on confronting PAVN forces, captured 1 POW.

Disbandment

In December 1985 the army corps was disbanded:

Before its disbandment the army corps was composed of:

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References

  1. ↑ Witson, 1972, 187.
  2. ↑ Witson, 1972, 187
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