11th Transportation Battalion (United States)

11th Transportation Battalion
	Coat of arms
Active	1941 – 46; 1948 – 70; 1972 - present
Country	United States
Branch	U.S. Army
Type	Transportation
Role	Port management
Size	Battalion
Part of	7th Transportation Brigade
Garrison/HQ	Fort Story, Virginia
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia

Last updated October 07, 2019

The 11th Transportation Battalion ("Over the Shore"^[1]) is a transportation battalion of the United States Army first formed in 1936. The 11th Transportation Battalion is a subordinate unit of the 7th Transportation Brigade.

A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term "battalion" varies by nationality and branch of service. Typically a battalion consists of 300 to 800 soldiers and is divided into a number of companies. A battalion is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries, the word "battalion" is associated with the infantry.

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

7th Transportation Brigade (United States) Transportation Corps Brigade of United States Army

The 7th Transportation Brigade (Expeditionary) is a Transportation brigade of the United States Army. It is known and referred to as "the most deployed unit in the Army" because of its continuous mission to provide logistical support to all branches of the service for both training and war-time activities.

Lineage

Constituted 1 May 1936 in the Regular Army as the 396th Quartermaster Battalion
Activated 1 October 1941 at Fort Hamilton, New York
Converted and redesignated 17 September 1942 as the 396th Port Battalion, Transportation Corps
Battalion broken up 23 March 1944 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows:
- Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 396th Port Battalion
- (Companies A, B, C, and D as the 692d, 693d, 694th, and 695th Port Companies, respectively-hereafter separate lineages)
Inactivated 13 March 1946 in France
Redesignated 29 September 1948 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 11th Transportation Port Battalion
Activated 4 October 1948 at Fort Eustis, Virginia
Reorganized and redesignated 27 December 1950 as Headquarters and Headquarters and Service Company, 11th Transportation Port Battalion
Reorganized and redesignated 1 November 1952 as Headquarters, 11th Transportation Port Battalion
Reorganized and redesignated 1 December 1953 as Headquarters and Headquarters and Service Company, 11th Transportation Port Battalion
Reorganized and redesignated 2 October 1954 as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 11th Transportation Battalion
Inactivated 12 February 1970 in Vietnam
Redesignated 3 April 1972 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 11th Transportation Battalion, and activated at Fort Eustis, Virginia

The 11th Transportation Battalion was originally constituted on 1 May 1936 in the Regular Army as the 396th Quartermaster Battalion (Port). The Transportation Corps was not established until 1942. On 17 September 1942, the Battalion was converted and re-designated as the 396th Port Battalion in the Transportation Corps.

The Battalion served with distinction during World War II, participating in the first large-scale Logistics Over The Shore mission during the 1943 invasion of Sicily. Later, the Battalion was in charge of several marshaling yards in France and in Germany.

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.

The Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II, in which the Allies took the island of Sicily from the Axis powers. It began with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the Italian Campaign.

On 29 September 1948, the Battalion was re-designated as the 11th Transportation Port Battalion. Later, the Battalion was reorganized and re-designated as the 11th Transportation Battalion. During the Vietnam War, the Battalion also served with distinction receiving three Meritorious Unit Commendations and numerous campaign credits spanning the period of 1965 through 1970.

Vietnam War 1955–1975 conflict in Vietnam

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The war, considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some, lasted 19 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973, and included the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975.

Although the Battalion headquarters did not deploy to the Gulf War, over 500 soldiers attached to four units were sent to augment the 7th Transportation Group. In the fall of 1994, the Battalion deployed to Haiti, in support of Operation Uphold Democracy, and again served with distinction receiving the Army Superior Unit Award. Immediately afterward, the Battalion deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Vigilant Warrior. 11th Transportation Battalion Operated LACV-30 Hovercraft from 1983 to 1994.^[2]

The Gulf War, codenamed Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes. The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War, First Iraq War or Iraq War, before the term "Iraq War" became identified instead with the post-2003 Iraq War. The war has also earned the nickname Video Game War after the daily broadcast of images from cameras on board US bombers during Operation Desert Storm.

The LACV-30 was a hovercraft used by the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command (MERADCOM) for offloading cargo from amphibious ships. For logistic transport, the Army was already using the LARC-V and LARC-LX, huge 4-wheeled vehicles referred to as 'barges on wheels'. The Army used the LACV-30 to transport 20 ft. standard MILVAN containers as well as outsize loads that would not fit on a LARC-V or LARC-LX. MERADCOM operated 24 LACV-30s between 1983 and 1994.

A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is an amphibious craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice, and other surfaces.

Since then the Battalion has participated in numerous joint and combined exercises both in and out of CONUS. In January 2003 the Battalion deployed again to Southwest Asia in support of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedoms.

Today, the 11th Transportation Battalion conducts multi-modal and terminal transportation operations. It consists of over 850 Soldiers who practice 27 different military occupational specialties in Seaport Operations Companies, an Inland Cargo Transfer Company, a Headquarters Detachment, a Harbormaster Detachment, and an Automated Cargo Documentation Detachment in support of the 7th Sustainment Brigade at Fort Eustis, Virginia. The Battalion currently has deployment rotations in continuous support of the global war on terrorism.

Campaign participation credit

OEF/OIF Rotation 1, -Kuwait 2002-2003(Shuaiba Port)

World War II: Sicily (with arrowhead); Rome-Arno; Southern France; Rhineland

Vietnam: Defense; Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter-Spring 1970

Decorations

Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1965–1966
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1966–1967
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1968
Army Superior Unit Award for AUG-OCT 1994
Army Superior Unit Award for OCT-DEC 1994
Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for Operation Iraqi Freedom 2007–2008

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References

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Center of Military History document "H&HC 11 Transportation Battalion Lineage and Honors" .

United States Army Center of Military History directorate inside the United States Army

The United States Army Center of Military History (CMH) is a directorate within TRADOC. The Institute of Heraldry remains within the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army. The center is responsible for the appropriate use of history and military records throughout the United States Army. Traditionally, this mission has meant recording the official history of the army in both peace and war, while advising the army staff on historical matters. CMH is the flagship organization leading the Army Historical Program.

↑ "Special Unit Designations". United States Army Center of Military History. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
↑ Killblane, Richard; Nalli, Diana. "8 th Transportation Company" (PDF). www.transportation.army.mil. U.S. Army Transportation Corps. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

External links

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[SUD-1] "Special Unit Designations". United States Army Center of Military History. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.

[2] Killblane, Richard; Nalli, Diana. "8 th Transportation Company" (PDF). www.transportation.army.mil. U.S. Army Transportation Corps. Retrieved 19 May 2016.