122 mm howitzer M1909

122 mm howitzer M1909
122 mm howitzer M1909
	Soviet 122 mm howitzer Model 1909, at the Hämeenlinna Artillery Museum.
Type	Field howitzer
Place of origin	Russian Empire
Service history
Used by	Russian Empire ; Soviet Union ; Finland
Wars	World War I ; Russian Civil War ; Winter War
Production history
Designer	Krupp
Designed	1909
Specifications
Weight	1,340 kg (2,950 lb)
Barrel length	overal:1.69 m (5 ft 7 in) L/14 [1]
Shell	Separate loading charge and projectile 121.92 x 159mm R
Shell weight	22.8 kg (50 lb) [1]
Caliber	121.92 mm (4.8 in)
Breech	Horizontal sliding-block
Recoil	Hydro-spring
Carriage	Box trail
Elevation	-1° to 43°
Traverse	4°
Muzzle velocity	335 m/s (1,100 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	7.6 km (4.7 mi) [1]

Last updated March 01, 2019

The 122 mm howitzer M1909 ( Russian : 122-мм гаубица обр. 1909 гг.) was a Russian Empire 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer used throughout World War I.

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although, nowadays, nearly three decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia, the rise of state-specific varieties of this language tends to be strongly denied in Russia, in line with the Russian World ideology.

The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia or simply Russia, was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

A howitzer is a type of artillery piece characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles over relatively high trajectories, with a steep angle of descent.

Following the defeats of the Russo-Japanese War, Russia sought to modernize some of its equipment, which included the purchase of foreign designed artillery. Seeking new systems from both France and Germany, the 122 mm howitzer M1909 was developed by the German arms manufacturer Krupp.^[2] Russia also bought a very similar system from the French arms manufacturer Schneider et Cie, the 122 mm howitzer M1910.

Russo-Japanese War war between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan

The Russo-Japanese War was fought during 1904-1905 between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea.

The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, became famous for their production of steel, artillery, ammunition, and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. It was important to weapons development and production in both world wars. One of the most powerful dynasties in European history, for 400 years Krupp flourished as the premier weapons manufacturer for Germany. From the Thirty Years' War until the end of the Second World War, they produced everything from battleships, U-boats, tanks, howitzers, guns, utilities, and hundreds of other commodities.

122 mm howitzer M1910 was a Russian Empire 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) field howitzer used throughout World War I in large numbers.

It was later updated by the Soviet Union as the 122 mm howitzer M1909/37 which saw combat in the German-Soviet War.

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centres were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk.

122 mm howitzer M1909/37 was a Soviet 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer, a modernization of World War I era 122 mm howitzer M1909. The gun saw combat in the German-Soviet War.

Weapons of comparable role, performance and era

122 mm howitzer M1910 - very similar piece in Russian service designed by Schneider et Cie
QF 4.5-inch howitzer - British equivalent, in Russian service also
10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09 - early German equivalent
10.5 cm leFH 16 - later German equivalent
10 cm M. 14 Feldhaubitze - Austro-Hungarian equivalent

The Ordnance QF 4.5-inch howitzer was the standard British Empire field howitzer of the First World War era. It replaced the BL 5-inch howitzer and equipped some 25% of the field artillery. It entered service in 1910 and remained in service through the interwar period and was last used in the field by British forces in early 1942. It was generally horse drawn until mechanisation in the 1930s.

The 10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09, a short barreled (1625 mm) 105mm howitzer, also referred to as the 10.5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze 98/09, was used by the German Empire as well as the Ottoman Empire in World War I and after. It had a maximum range of 6,300 metres (20,700 ft). German 10.5-cm. light field howitzer, with ammunition

The 10.5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze 16 was a field howitzer used by Germany in World War I and World War II.

Related Research Articles

122 mm howitzer M1910/30 was a Soviet 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer, a modernization of World War I era 122 mm howitzer M1910. It was the most numerous divisional howitzer of the RKKA at the outbreak of Great Patriotic War and remained in service throughout the war.

The Mortier de 280 TR Modèle 1914 Schneider was a French siege howitzer manufactured by the Schneider et Cie company, used during World War I. The howitzer had its origins from a Russian Army policy to upgrade its artillery park after the poor showing of Russian artillery in the 1904-5 Russo-Japanese war. In 1909 an agreement was signed between Schneider and the Russian armaments manufacturer Putilov to jointly develop and produce a number of artillery types. One of these types was a 279.4 mm (11-inch) siege howitzer with a range of 6,000 m (20,000 ft) to replace very old Russian guns of similar calibre. Schneider delivered the first prototype of the siege howitzer to the Russians in 1912 for extensive testing. Although the Russians found the gun was unable to penetrate the heaviest reinforced concrete fortifications its general performance was judged satisfactory which lead to an order for 16 howitzers to be delivered in 1915. The French Army expressed interest in the Schneider howitzer as a possible replacement for the Mortier de 370 Mle 1885 De Bange. After some dithering by French authorities 18 howitzers were ordered in 1913. Delivery of the howitzers to Russia and France was delayed by the general mobilisation of 1914 which disrupted industrial production. During the war 126 howitzers were delivered to the French Army and 26 to Russia as the 280 mm Schneider Mortar Model 1914/15 before the 1917 revolutions. In addition another 25 barrels were installed post-WW1 on the Saint-Chamond heavy self-propelled gun chassis as the Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider sur affût-chenilles St Chamond.

152 mm howitzer M1909/30 was a Soviet 152.4 mm howitzer, a modernization of the 152 mm howitzer M1909, initially designed by Schneider. It was the most numerous 152 mm howitzer employed by Red Army in World War II.

152 mm howitzer M1910/37 was a limited production Soviet 152.4 mm howitzer, a modernization of the 152 mm howitzer M1910, initially designed by Schneider. The gun was employed by Red Army in World War II.

The official designations of Russian and Soviet artillery consists of three sequential parts – weapon caliber, weapon type, and finally a unique identifier for each variant. This system is descended from the later Russian Empire, but its first (caliber) and third components were changed several times over the years.

152 mm mortar M1931 (NM) was a 152.4 mm (6 inch) artillery piece originally developed by the German arms manufacturer Rheinmetall. The gun was produced in limited numbers in the Soviet Union and saw action with the Soviet Army in World War II. A modified version of the design was also adopted in Germany, as 15 cm sIG 33.

The Ordnance BL 6 inch 30cwt howitzer was a British medium howitzer used in the Second Boer War and early in World War I. The qualifier "30cwt" refers to the weight of the barrel and breech together which weighed 30 hundredweight (cwt) : 30 x 112 lb = 3360 lb. It can be identified by the slightly flared shape of the muzzle and large recuperator springs below the barrel.

The 107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60) was a Soviet artillery piece, developed in the late 1930s in order to provide Soviet divisional artillery with a powerful field and anti-tank gun. The weapon entered production in 1940, but soon after the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, production ceased; only a limited number of pieces were built. These guns saw service in the Red Army during the war.

The 15 cm schwere Feldhaubitze 13, was a heavy field howitzer used by Germany in World War I and the beginning of World War II.

The 6 inch Howitzer, Model of 1908 was the standard American heavy howitzer before World War I. Forty-two of these weapons had been produced before 1917 and all were employed for training stateside in that war. Although this weapon appears in World War I-era tables of organization and equipment, for combat use in France the Canon de 155 C mle 1917 Schneider was purchased, and remained the standard weapon of this class until early World War II. All surviving weapons were retired during the 1920s.

The Canon de 105 court modèle 1934 Schneider was a French howitzer used in World War II. Captured weapons were used by the German Heer as the 10.5 cm leFH 324(f). It was a conservative design by Schneider et Cie. Production was slow with only 144 built by the beginning of the Battle of France. A more advanced 105 mm howitzer design, the Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B, was produced by the State Arsenal at Bourges, and was ordered in larger numbers. 70 105 mm howitzers mod. 1934 Schneider bought by Lithuania in 1937.

The 15 cm schwere Feldhaubitze 1902 was a German heavy field howitzer cannon introduced in 1903 and served in World War I.

The 152 mm howitzer Model 1910 Schneider or, more properly, 6 dm polevaja gaubitsa sistemy Schneidera as it was designated in Tsarist times, was a French howitzer designed by Schneider et Cie. It was used by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union during World War I, the Russo-Polish War and the Russian Civil War. Finland captured nine during the Finnish Civil War, but didn't use them during that conflict. They did see combat during the Winter War and the Continuation War.

Schneider-Creusot, or Schneider et Cie, was a historic French iron and steel-mill which became a major arms manufacturer. After World War II, it eventually evolved into Schneider Electric.

The 152 mm howitzer M1909 was a Russian Empire 152.4 mm howitzer. Developed by the French arms manufacturer Schneider et Cie it saw service throughout World War I.

The Obusier de 120 mm modèle 1915 Tir Rapide or quick loading 120 mm Howitzer Model 1915 was a French howitzer designed and built by the Schneider company and used by a number of nations during the First World War.

References

1 2 3 "FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: ARTILLERY PART 5". www.jaegerplatoon.net. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
↑ 122 mm howitzer M1910 from Landships

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[:0-1] 1 2 3 "FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: ARTILLERY PART 5". www.jaegerplatoon.net. Retrieved 2017-09-06.

[2] 122 mm howitzer M1910 from Landships