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The Lower Canada Rebellion, commonly referred to as the Patriots' War in French, is the name given to the armed conflict in 1837–38 between rebels and the colonial government of Lower Canada. Together with the simultaneous rebellion in the neighbouring colony of Upper Canada, it formed the Rebellions of 1837–38.
This section of the Timeline of Quebec history concerns the events in British North America relating to what is the present day province of Quebec, Canada between the time of the Constitutional Act of 1791 and the Act of Union 1840.
John Neilson was a journalist, publisher and politician in Lower Canada. Born in Scotland, he emigrated to Lower Canada in 1791 at age 15, to work in his older brother's publishing company in Quebec City. On his brother's death a few years later, he inherited the business. Neilson became one of the leading publishers and booksellers in Lower Canada and in Upper Canada, selling books in both French and English. He was the editor of the newspaper La Gazette de Québec / The Quebec Gazette, published in French and in English.
Denis-Benjamin Viger was a 19th-century politician, lawyer, and newspaper publisher in Lower Canada, who served as joint premier of the Province of Canada for over two years. A leader in the Patriote movement, he was a strong French-Canadian nationalist, but a social conservative in terms of the seigneurial system and the position of the Catholic church in Lower Canada.
Augustin-Norbert Morin was a Canadien journalist, lawyer, politician, and rebel in Lower Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in the 1830s, as a leading member of the Parti patriote. Although he participated in the Lower Canada Rebellion, the British authorities concluded his conduct did not warrant a charge of high treason. After the Rebellion, he entered politics in the Province of Canada, eventually becoming joint premier of the Province. Retiring from politics due to health concerns, Morin was appointed to the bench. He was one of the commissioners who codified the law of Lower Canada, producing the Civil Code of Lower Canada which stayed in force for over a century.
Austin Cuvillier was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East. He was a successful Canadien businessmen, unusual when most businessmen in Lower Canada were British. He also was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for twenty years, as a member for the Parti canadien, which tended to oppose the policies of the British-appointed governors. As a result, he served as a bridge between the conservative business community, and the more radical Parti canadien, although he finally broke with the Parti canadien prior to the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838.
The 4th Parliament of the Province of Canada was summoned in December 1851, following the general election for the Legislative Assembly in October 1851. Sessions were held in Quebec City. The Parliament was dissolved in June 1854.
Joseph-Édouard Turcotte was a lawyer, businessman, and political figure in Canada East. Born to a merchant family, he considered the priesthood, but after the loss of one arm in an accident, he opted instead for a legal career. In addition to the law, he was engaged in journalism and in business activities in Trois-Rivières.
Louis Lacoste was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada and then Canada East, Province of Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, supporting Louis-Joseph Papineau and the Parti patriote. During the Lower Canada Rebellion he was imprisoned without trial, for his activities in the lead-up to the Rebellion. Following the creation of the Province of Canada, he was a member of the new Legislative Assembly for several years, and then a member of the Legislative Council. He was one of the original members of the Senate of Canada from 1867 to 1878.
Marcus Child was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada (nowQuebec). An immigrant from the United States, he became a prosperous businessman. He was involved in improving local education in the Eastern Townships, an area which had recently opened for colonial settlement. He represented the Stanstead Township of Lower Canada, first in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, later in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. He supported the Parti patriote in the 1830s, and fled to exile in the United States for a short time after the Lower Canada Rebellion in 1837.
Thomas Boutillier was a doctor, Patriote, and politician in Lower Canada. Elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada in 1834, he was a member of the Parti patriote led by Louis-Joseph Papineau, which was challenging the British colonial government of the largely French-speaking province of Lower Canada. When the Lower Canada Rebellion broke out in 1837, he fought on the Patriote side in the Battle of Saint-Charles. Following the Patriotes' defeat, he fled to the United States. He returned to Lower Canada in 1838.
Jean-Moïse Raymond was a businessman, militia officer and political figure in Lower Canada, and briefly in Canada East, in the Province of Canada. He was active in a family business inherited from his father, and also served in the Lower Canada militia during the War of 1812, at the Battle of the Châteauguay. As a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, he was critical of British government of the province, voting in favour of the Ninety-Two Resolutions, which set out a detailed list of problems with the government. He opposed the union of Lower Canada with Upper Canada. Following the union of those two provinces into the Province of Canada, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the new province, but resigned his seat after only one year to take a government appointment. He died in 1843.
Jacob De Witt was a businessman, banker and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East, Province of Canada. Beginning in the hardware trade, he expanded into steamship transportation on the River St. Lawrence and then banking. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada and generally supported the Parti patriote, but did not participate in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837. After the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, he was elected to the new Legislative Assembly. He initially supported the reform measures of Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, but gradually became more radical, ending his political career as member of the Parti rouge and calling for the voluntary annexation of Canada to the United States. He continued in business, particularly banking, until his death in 1859.
Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel,, was a lawyer, businessman and politician in Lower Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly and the Executive Council of Lower Canada. Following the union of the Canadas, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and later was appointed to the Legislative Council. Throughout his career he was a political moderate, seeking greater political power for French-Canadians under British rule, but also supporting the British connection generally. Condemned by the Patriotes as a vendu ("sell-out") in the Lower Canada Rebellion, in 1860 he was elected President of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal.
The 13th Parliament of Lower Canada was in session from November 20, 1827, to September 2, 1830. Elections to the Legislative Assembly in Lower Canada had been held in July 1827. The legislature was dissolved in 1830 due to the death of King George IV. All sessions were held at Quebec City.
The 14th Parliament of Lower Canada was in session from January 21, 1831, to October 9, 1834. Elections to the Legislative Assembly in Lower Canada had been held in October 1830. The Ninety-Two Resolutions were submitted to the legislative assembly in 1834. All sessions were held at Quebec City.
René-Joseph Kimber was a physician and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East, in the Province of Canada. He represented Trois-Rivières in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, as a member of the Parti patriote, although he opposed the use of force in the Lower Canada Rebellion. After the creation of the Province of Canada, which he opposed, he was the member for the district of Champlain in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. He was briefly a member of the Legislative Council, prior to his death in 1843.
Henry Hague Judah,, was a lawyer, businessman, and political figure in Canada East, Province of Canada. Judah was one of the first Jews to become a lawyer in early Canada, and the first Jewish member of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. He had an extensive legal practice, starting in Trois-Rivières, and later in Montreal. He was a member of the commission which implemented the abolition of seigneurial tenure in Lower Canada. He also was involved in banking, eventually becoming the president of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank, and was a promoter of the short-lived Montreal and Bytown Railway Company.
John Robinson Hamilton, QC was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada and then the Province of Canada. He represented the electoral district of Bonaventure 1832 to 1834 in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. Following the creation of the Province of Canada, he again represented Bonaventure from 1841 to 1844 in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. He opposed the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, and supported the reform movement, which favoured responsible government.
André-Benjamin Papineau was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Terrebonne in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1837 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.
References
- ↑ resigned in November 1835; Joseph-André Taschereau was elected in a by-election held in December 1835.
- ↑ died in January 1837; Norbert Éno was elected in a by-election held in March 1837.
- ↑ died in August 1836; James McCracken was elected in a by-election held in December 1836.
- 1 2 second seat added in 1836
- ↑ resigned in May 1835; Alexandre Fraser was elected in a by-election held in June 1835.
- ↑ Died in February 1837; Ludger Duvernay was elected in a by-election held in May 1837.
- ↑ resigned to accept a position as judge in February 1836; Nicolas Lefrançois was elected in a by-election held in March 1836.
- 1 2 Louis-Joseph Papineau was elected in Montreal County and Montreal West, choosing to represent the latter; André Jobin was elected in a by-election held in November 1835.
- ↑ died in January 1835; Jean-Baptiste Hébert was elected in a by-election held in April 1835.
- ↑ resigned his seat in June 1837; John Munn was elected in a by-election held in July 1837.
- ↑ resigned in March 1836; Andrew Stuart was elected in a by-election held in March 1836.
- ↑ resigned his seat in August 1837 after being appointed to Legislative Council
- ↑ died in December 1835; Charles Drolet was elected in a by-election held in February 1836.
- ↑ resigned in June 1836; François Lesieur Desaulniers was elected in a by-election held in August 1836.
- ↑ died in June 1836; Alexis Bareil, dit Lajoie was elected in a by-election held in August 1836.
- ↑ resigned in October 1836; Moses French Colby was elected in a by-election held in January 1837.
- ↑ died in July 1837; André-Benjamin Papineau was elected in a by-election held in September 1837.