1862 Preston by-election

1862 Preston by-election
Preston constituency
Turnout	2,541
MP before election; R. A. Cross ; Tory	Elected MP ; Thomas Hesketh ; Conservative

Last updated September 25, 2024

The 1862 Preston by-election was held on 4 April 1862, after the incumbent Conservative MP R. A. Cross resigned to enter a private banking business in Warrington.^[1]^[2] The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate, Thomas Hesketh.^[3] Hesketh was related to two previous MPs for the constituency, both also named Thomas Hesketh, one from the 16th century and one from the 18th.^[4]

Opposing Hesketh was the Liberal candidate, George Melly, who would later go on to represent Stoke-upon-Trent. Melly faced religious opposition on two fronts. As a Unitarian, he was viewed as barely better than an atheist by many of the electors belonging to the Church of England, while he was also opposed by Catholics, influenced by Papal hostility towards the foreign policy of the incumbent Liberal government led by Lord Palmerston.^[5]^: p.122

The aftermath of the by-election was captured in the painting The Preston By-Election of 1862 by the Anglo-Russian artist Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood, who was based in nearby Blackburn at the time.^[6] Sherwood's painting, which features Hesketh addressing a crowd amid Conservative party iconography, also includes veiled accusations of voter bribery, with people scrabbling for coins appearing prominently in the foreground.^[6]

Supporters of the Liberal candidate attributed Hesketh's win to the Conservative's spending power. This included accusations that voters were being offered as much as £25 in exchange for their support, an attractive prospect as the constituency was badly affected by the ongoing Lancashire Cotton Famine.^[5]^{: pp.127–129} A subsequent recall petition against Hesketh was initiated after the by-election, instigated by the perceived financial impropriety.^[5]^: p.130 However it ultimately unsuccessful, due to a combination of the potential cost, and because Melly's allies doubted that he would win the re-run campaign.^[5]^: p.130

Result

By-Election 4 April 1862: Preston^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Thomas Hesketh	1,527	60.1	*−9.1*
	Liberal	George Melly	1,014	39.9	+9.1
Majority			513	20.2	+11.6
Turnout			2,541	91.6	+17.9
Registered electors			2,773
	Conservative hold		Swing	−9.1

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References

↑ "Sir Richard Cross (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
↑ Preston Elections in the Nineteenth Century: Reprinted from the Preston Chronicle. Preston: W. & S. Dobson. 1865. p. 7. JSTOR 60241860.
↑ "Sir Thomas Hesketh (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
↑ Dobson, William (1868). History of the Parliamentary Representation of Preston, during the last hundred years. London: W & J Dobson. p. 30.
1 2 3 4 Taylor, H. A. (15 September 1955). "Politics in Famine-Stricken Preston: An Examination of Liberal Party Management, 1861–65" (PDF). The Historic Society of Lancashire & Cheshire. pp. 121–139. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
1 2 "The Preston By-Election of 1862 | Art UK". artuk.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
↑ Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

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[1] "Sir Richard Cross (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2024.

[2] Preston Elections in the Nineteenth Century: Reprinted from the Preston Chronicle. Preston: W. & S. Dobson. 1865. p. 7. JSTOR 60241860.

[3] "Sir Thomas Hesketh (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2024.

[4] Dobson, William (1868). History of the Parliamentary Representation of Preston, during the last hundred years. London: W & J Dobson. p. 30.

[taylor-5] 1 2 3 4 Taylor, H. A. (15 September 1955). "Politics in Famine-Stricken Preston: An Examination of Liberal Party Management, 1861–65" (PDF). The Historic Society of Lancashire & Cheshire. pp. 121–139. Retrieved 30 June 2018.

[:0-6] 1 2 "The Preston By-Election of 1862 | Art UK". artuk.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.

[7] Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

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