1965 Argentine Air Force C-54 disappearance

Last updated

Argentine Air Force TC-48 Flight
TC-48 Fuerza Aerea Argentina.jpg
The missing aircraft, Douglas C-54G Skymaster with cadets before departure of the initial training flight on 31 October 1965
Disappearance
Date3 November 1965 (1965-11-03)
SummaryEngine fire [1]
SiteNorthwest Cordillera de Talamanca (presumed), Southeast Golfo de los Mosquitos and Northeast Braulio Carrillo National Park
Aircraft
Aircraft type Douglas C-54G Skymaster
Operator Roundel of Argentina.svg Argentine Air Force
Call signTC48
Registration TC-48
Flight origin El Palomar Airport
Stopover Cerro Moreno Base
1st stopover Las Palmas Air Base
2nd stopover Guayaquil
Last stopover Howard Air Force Base, Panama Canal Zone
Destination El Salvador International Airport
Occupants68
Passengers59
Crew9
Fatalities68 (presumed)
Survivors0 (presumed)

1965 Argentine Air Force C-54 disappearance (also known as TC-48 Flight or The Cadets Flight) refers to the disappearance of an Argentine Air Force Douglas C-54G carrying cadet graduates from the Military Aviation School that disappeared between Howard Air Force Base in Panama and El Salvador International Airport on 3 November 1965. The last contact with the aircraft was 30 or 40 minutes after take-off, when the pilot reported a fire in one of the engines and notified the control tower of San José International Airport in Costa Rica that they intended to divert there. The aircraft never arrived and all passengers and crew are missing, presumed dead. The disappearance is considered the greatest mystery of Argentine aviation. [2]

Contents

Flight

The C-54 took off from El Palomar on October 31, 1965 to the Military Aviation School. The crew consisted of 9 members; 5 officers and 54 cadets, thus totaling 68 occupants. The training flight would take them to San Francisco. During the trip, a second Douglas DC-4 was used, the TC-43 that carried the rest of the promotion. Both aircraft departed the following day, and flew to the Cerro Moreno base in Chile where, after a technical stopover, the flight continued to the Las Palmas base in Lima, Peru. There they spent the night and incorporated two cadets from the Peruvian Air Force, which were distributed in both planes. On November 2 they flew to Panama with a technical stopover in Guayaquil (Ecuador); and the next day, they had to complete the journey between the Howard Air Force Base and San Salvador International Airport (El Salvador).

Aircraft

Berliners watching a C-54 land at Berlin Tempelhof Airport, 1948 C-54 landing at Tempelhof 1948.jpg
Berliners watching a C-54 land at Berlin Tempelhof Airport, 1948

The aircraft involved was a Douglas C-54G transport aircraft of the Argentine Air Force, with serial number TC-48 (msn 35983). It was first flown in 1945. [1] It was assigned to the 1st Air Brigade based in El Palomar and immediately began to be used for relocation flights of military personnel, officials and relatives.

Accident

At about 05:49, the aircraft took off from Howard Air Force Base on the Pacific side of the Panama Canal Zone with a second Douglas DC-4. The two aircraft would fly together to San Salvador International Airport, keeping sporadic radio contact for the duration of the flight.

The last two transmissions from the aircraft were at 06:27 when the DC-4 reported to Panama tower confirming that it had reached position "Mike-5" without incident at an altitude of 6500 and was heading for San Salvador. The "Mike-5" position is a navigational point close to Escudo de Veraguas island on the Panamanian Caribbean Mosquitoes Gulf of the Bocas del Toro Province. The weather conditions for this first part of the route were not the best, the forecast indicated severe turbulence, heavy rain, and visibility from very limited to zero.

At 06:36 the pilot of the C-54 reported a fire in engine 3, and engine 4 had stopped working. The crew reported that it would attempt to land or ditch the aircraft in the water. The broadcast was picked up by Tegucigalpa ATC and a Lacsa cargo plane pilot. The cargo plane pilot recommended landing at Limón International Airport or El Coco International Airport, now called Juan Santamaría International Airport, but the aircraft never arrived.

After that time, a large number of conflicting reports began to emerge, such as a third broadcast from the flight at 07:05 that said that the aircraft was flying over Bocas del Toro, heading towards Puerto Limón, where firefighters and ambulances were being mobilized while waiting for the aircraft.

Reported sightings

In 2008, Teletica journalist Gerardo Zamora interviewed several witnesses that stated the aircraft entered Costa Rican territory by Sixaola, and was also seen on Valle La Estrella, and a last witness stated that survivors were seen near Telire, all communities close to the Talamanca Range. [3]

Passengers and crew

The aircraft was carrying nine Argentine crew members and 53 cadet passengers from Argentina, one cadet from Peru and five officers. Of the 59 passengers, 53 were Argentine cadets, five Argentine military officers and one Peruvian cadet.

Initial searches for survivors were made by the United States Navy until November 17, 1965 [4] when attempts ceased. Relatives rejected the official version and continued to demand the search for the plane in the Costa Rican jungle, convinced that the aircraft could well be in some inaccessible place and not on the seabed. The suspicions were strengthened when it became known that some of the personal belongings of the missing passengers that had been supposedly recovered, had actually been transported by passengers on the other plane. In addition, at that point, it had been revealed that the aircraft was not in perfect mechanical condition and that it had been flying overweight. Relatives travelled to Central America to continue the search on their own. Groups of relatives of the cadets and officers repeatedly entered the Costa Rican jungle and made contact with the natives who lived around the Cordillera de Talamanca, looking for any clue that would allow them to find the whereabouts of their loved ones. However, they would inevitably return empty-handed.

A total of 23 expeditions were made to the Talamanca in the Costa Rica jungle, using more than 50 flights in planes and helicopters. The search was halted in 1967. According to the Civil Aviation of Costa Rica and to the relatives, the aircraft is somewhere in the jungle. [5] In 2015 the Argentine Air Forces carried out four searches called Esperanza, both by land and by sea, which ended without results.

Investigation

After the disappearance, an investigation carried out by the United States [6] concluded that the aircraft crashed in the sea between Panama and Costa Rica, 30 km from the coast. A de-classified video of a United States Navy (USN) helicopter marking the location of life vests and objects in the sea was later shown to family members. Argentine Air Force authorities accepted the conclusions reached by the US experts [7]

Books

The book TC-48, the cadets plane, by Ricardo Becerra, a former Army lieutenant and brother of cadet Héctor, mentions thirteen witnesses who saw him fly low in the jungle.

Documentary

In December 2018 the documentary film The Last Search was released in Córdoba, Argentina in local movie theaters, in which Cecilia Viberti, pilot Esteban Viberti's daughter, describes the searches made in Talamanca, Costa Rica and shares her thoughts about whether the aircraft is located in Costa Rica. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

SAM was a Colombian airline. With its main hub at El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, SAM operated domestic and international routes and was a subsidiary of Avianca. In 2004, its headquarters were in the Avianca headquarters in Bogotá.

Transportes Aereos del Continente Americano, operating as Avianca El Salvador, is an airline owned by Kingsland Holdings and based in San Salvador, El Salvador. It is one of the seven national branded airlines in the Avianca Group of Latin American airlines, and it serves as the flag carrier of El Salvador.

Avianca Costa Rica S.A., formerly known as LACSA, minority owned by the Synergy Group, is the national airline of Costa Rica and is based in San José. It operates international scheduled services to over 35 destinations in Central, North and South America. The airline previously used the TACA/LACSA moniker when it was a subsidiary of Grupo TACA. Since May 2013, following Avianca's purchase of Grupo TACA, Avianca Costa Rica became one of seven nationally branded airlines operated by Avianca Group of Latin American airlines.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1969.

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1975.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">La Aurora International Airport</span> Airport that serves Guatemala City, Guatemala

La Aurora International Airport serves Guatemala City, Guatemala. It is located 6.4 kilometres south of Guatemala City's center and 25 km from Antigua Guatemala. It is administered by the General Directorate of Civil Aeronautics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SAHSA</span>

Servicio Aéreo de Honduras S.A. otherwise known as SAHSA Airlines was the national flag carrier airline of Honduras from October 22, 1945, to January 14, 1994. The airline was a subsidiary of Pan American Airways and merged with Transportes Aéreos Nacionales (TAN) to form TAN-SAHSA in November 1991.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uruguayan Air Force</span> Air warfare branch of Uruguays military

The Uruguayan Air Force is the air service branch of the Armed Forces of Uruguay. Originally created as part of the National Army of Uruguay, the Air Force was established as a separate branch on December 4, 1953. It is the youngest and also the smallest branch of the Armed Forces of Uruguay. In 1977 it was determined that the mission of the Air Force is to conduct strategic and tactical aerospace operations on behalf of the national defense, exercising the sovereignty of the Uruguayan airspace and defending the independence, integrity, constitution and laws of the country. The Air Force must also conduct search and rescue missions and plan, propose, execute and supervise the necessary measures for the development of the aerospace potential, while providing any necessary and possible logistical support during the natural disasters that the country may suffer. Since 1985 this has been always carried out under the command of the President of Uruguay, and according to the Minister of National Defense.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Argentine Air Force</span> Air warfare branch of Argentinas armed forces

The Argentine Air Force is the air force of Argentina and branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. In 2018, it had 13,837 military and 6,900 civilian personnel. FAA commander in chief is general Xavier Isaac.

Air Panama is a regional airline based at Albrook "Marcos A. Gelabert" International Airport in Panama, and is currently the second-largest air carrier in the country, surpassed only by Copa Airlines. The carrier offers both scheduled and charter passenger flights to more than 31 destinations from its hub at Albrook International Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LADE</span> Argentinian airline

LADE - Líneas Aéreas del Estado is an airline based in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. It is a state owned airline operated by the Argentine Air Force and provides domestic scheduled services mainly in Patagonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nature Air</span> Costa Rican regional airline

Nature Air was a regional airline headquartered in San José, Costa Rica that offered a scheduled service to a range of tourist destinations in Costa Rica, Panama and Nicaragua. It operated scheduled domestic and international services, as well as charter services with turboprop aircraft. Its hub, operations and maintenance base was Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO) having moved in 2013 from its original location at Aeropuerto Internacional Tobías Bolaños (SYQ). Claiming to be the world's first carbon neutral airline, it was one of the first airlines to publicize its sustainability credentials during a period of rapidly-expanding interest in eco-tourism. Nature Air received a number of awards, including a Global Vision Award for Sustainability from Travel + Leisure magazine in 2011. Its fleet consisted primarily of DHC-6 Twin Otter and Cessna 208 Grand Caravan turboprop aircraft that were ideally suited to short takeoff and landing characteristics of its destinations which often featured gravel or limited-paved landing strips. In 2010, Nature Air advertised 74 daily flights to 15 destinations in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. On 31 December 2017, all 10 passengers and two pilots aboard Nature Air Flight 9916 were killed in an aerodynamic stall shortly after takeoff from Punta Islita airstrip. Although the accident was ultimately determined by the NTSB to have been caused by pilot error, Nature Air stopped flying in January 2018 and its operating license was indefinitely suspended by the civil aviation authority of Costa Rica on May 2, 2018 leading to the closure of the airline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">El Salvador International Airport</span> Salvadoran largest airport serving San Salvador located in San Luis Talpa, La Paz

El Salvador International Airport Saint Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez, , previously known as Comalapa International Airport and as Comalapa Air Base to the military, is a joint-use civilian and military airport that serves San Salvador, El Salvador. It is located in the south central area of the country, in the city of San Luis Talpa, Department of La Paz, and occupies a triangular plain of 2519.8 acres, which borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, is bordered to the east by the Jiboa River, and to the northwest by the coastal highway. Being close to sea level, it allows aircraft to operate efficiently at maximum capacity. It is connected to the capital of San Salvador, El Salvador, through a modern four-lane motorway, with 42 kilometers travel in an average time of 30 minutes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aviateca Flight 901</span> 1995 aviation accident in El Salvador

Aviateca Flight 901 was a scheduled international passenger flight which crashed into the 7,159-foot (2,182 m) San Vicente volcano in El Salvador on approach to the Comalapa International Airport on 9 August 1995. The accident killed all 65 passengers and crew on board and is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur in El Salvador. An investigation by the Civil Aviation Authority determined that pilot error and air traffic control error in bad weather contributed to the accident.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arajet</span> Flag carrier of the Dominican Republic

Arajet S.A. is an ultra low-cost airline and the flag carrier of the Dominican Republic. Operations began on 15 September 2022 with a flight to Barranquilla, Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nature Air Flight 9916</span> 2017 aviation accident

Nature Air Flight 9916 was a chartered domestic passenger flight from Punta Islita Airport in Nandayure, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, to Costa Rica's capital San José that crashed into terrain on 31 December 2017 shortly after takeoff from Punta Islita Airport killing all 12 people on board. The flight, with a planned duration of 40 minutes, was operated by Costa Rican regional airline Nature Air and the aircraft involved was a Cessna 208 B Caravan manufactured in 2001. On board the aircraft were 10 passengers, mostly American tourists, and 2 pilots. An NTSB investigation later determined that the accident was caused by the aircraft entering an aerodynamic spin/stall that was the result of pilot error. Nature Air permanently ceased operations following the accident.

Aerocosta was a Colombian air company that transported cargo from 1965 to 1976. It had major stockholders, consisting of Floramerica (40%), Robert Camacho (25%) and private investors.

References

  1. 1 2 Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-54G (DC-4) TC-48 Puerto Limon". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  2. El Clarin:El avión de los cadetes, El mayor misterio de la aviación argentina cumple 50 años.
  3. Youtube Video:Desaparicion del Avion Argentino TC 48 - Programa 7 Dias Parte 1
  4. Infonueve.com:¿Qué pasó con el vuelo del TC 48?
  5. Radio Mitre:A 52 años de la desaparición, sigue la búsqueda del “avión de los cadetes”
  6. Informe Insolito:El misterio del TC-48
  7. La Nacion de Argentina:A 50 Años de su caida, el “avión de los cadetes” sigue siendo un misterio.
  8. Cadena 3:"La última búsqueda" revive la desaparición del TC-48