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General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 20 April 1965 to elect 22 MPs to the Cook Islands Legislative Assembly. [1] The elections were won by the Cook Islands Party and saw Albert Henry become the Cook Islands' first Premier.
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General elections were held in the Cook Islands on 20 April 1965 to elect 22 MPs to the Cook Islands Legislative Assembly. [1] The elections were won by the Cook Islands Party and saw Albert Henry become the Cook Islands' first Premier.
The holding of an election was necessary to elect members to approve the proposed constitution. If approved, the new constitution would institute self-government for the Cook Islands.
Because the election had the potential to result in removing the Cook Islands from the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories, the election was observed by representatives of the UN.
The Cook Islands Amendment Act contained a clause limiting candidacy for the elections to people who had lived in the Cook Islands for at least three years before the election. This barred Albert Henry from running, as he had only lived in the Cook Island for a year preceding the vote. [2]
A total of 66 candidates contested the 22 seats, 19 from the Cook Islands Party, 16 from the United Political Party (led by Leader of Government business Dick Charles Brown), [3] 12 from the Independent Group, 7 from the Labour Party, and 12 independents. [4] also fielding candidates. Two seats had only one candidate – Tangaroa Tangaroa in Penrhyn and Pupuke Robati in Rakahanga – both of whom were returned unopposed
Leader of Government business Brown, Agriculture Minister Napa Tauei Napa and Speaker Teariki Tuavera were amongst the nine incumbents that lost their seats. [3]
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| Cook Islands Party | 9,511 | 52.25 | 14 | |
| United Political Party | 3,590 | 19.72 | 4 | |
| Independent Group | 3,042 | 16.71 | 4 | |
| Labour Party | 963 | 5.29 | 0 | |
| Independents | 1,098 | 6.03 | 0 | |
| Total | 18,204 | 100.00 | 22 | |
| Valid votes | 6,839 | 99.03 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 67 | 0.97 | ||
| Total votes | 6,906 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 7,353 | 93.92 | ||
| Source: Stone [5] | ||||
| Constituency | Candidate | Party | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aitutaki–Manuae | William Estall | Independent Group | 534 | |
| Matai Simiona | Independent Group | 438 | ||
| Geoffrey Henry | Independent Group | 403 | ||
| Joseph Williams | Independent | 360 | ||
| Ngaa Upu | Cook Islands | 352 | ||
| Maria Henderson | Cook Islands | 325 | ||
| Tukua Cameron | Cook Islands | 313 | ||
| Tanga Mitiau Dick | Independent | 69 | ||
| Benioni Joseph | Independent | 55 | ||
| Atiu | Tangata Simiona | United Political Party | 293 | |
| Mariri Paratainga | Cook Islands | 186 | ||
| Vainerere Tangatapoto | United Political Party | 143 | ||
| Michael Toki | Independent Group | 127 | ||
| Mataio Kea | Independent | 88 | ||
| Tutai Pakari Vaine | Cook Islands | 45 | ||
| Mangaia | Ngatupuna Matepi | United Political Party | 558 | |
| Pokino Aberahama | United Political Party | 554 | ||
| Maarateina Atatoa | Cook Islands | 153 | ||
| Edwin Gold | Independent | 32 | ||
| Manihiki | Nato Temu | Cook Islands | 133 | |
| Glassie Strickland Jr. | Independent Group | 46 | ||
| Tuatai Tupou | Independent | 26 | ||
| Adamu Toka | Independent | 17 | ||
| Tihau Napara | Independent | 9 | ||
| Mauke | Julian Dashwood | Cook Islands | 198 | |
| Ngaoire Torea | United Political Party | 47 | ||
| Mitiaro | Raui Pokoati | Cook Islands | 75 | |
| Tiki Tetava | United Political Party | 24 | ||
| Penrhyn | Tangaroa Tangaroa | United Political Party | Unopposed | |
| Puaikura | Taru Moana | Cook Islands | 476 | |
| Pera Maurangi | Cook Islands | 459 | ||
| Napa Tauei Napa | United Political Party | 271 | ||
| Rere Wichman | Labour | 185 | ||
| George Robati | Independent | 56 | ||
| Pukapuka–Nassau | John Tariau | Cook Islands | 173 | |
| Mangere Maro | Independent | 113 | ||
| Arona Tariau | United Political Party | 93 | ||
| Rakahanga | Pupuke Robati | Independent Group | Unopposed | |
| Takitumu | Apenera Short | Cook Islands | 532 | |
| Tiakana Numanga | Cook Islands | 501 | ||
| Samuela Samuela | Cook Islands | 487 | ||
| Teariki Tuavera | United Political Party | 251 | ||
| Areora Ira | United Political Party | 181 | ||
| David Hosking | Independent Group | 155 | ||
| Tupai Ama | Labour | 123 | ||
| Manea Turepu | Independent Group | 104 | ||
| William Cowan | Labour | 61 | ||
| Te-au-o-Tonga | Manea Tamarua | Cook Islands | 1,405 | |
| Mana Strickland | Cook Islands | 1,321 | ||
| Marguerite Story | Cook Islands | 1,225 | ||
| Teaukura Roi | Cook Islands | 1,152 | ||
| D. C. Brown | United Political Party | 535 | ||
| R. W. Rapley | Independent Group | 472 | ||
| S. M. Sadaraka | Independent Group | 456 | ||
| Stuart Kingan | Independent | 240 | ||
| John Numa | Labour | 230 | ||
| Tetauru Jim Moerua | United Political Party | 213 | ||
| Jack Best | Labour | 188 | ||
| Mary Paitai | Independent Group | 175 | ||
| Koa Ioaba | United Political Party | 159 | ||
| Paiere Mokoroa | United Political Party | 149 | ||
| Anthony Utanga | Independent Group | 132 | ||
| Araiti Tupuariki | United Political Party | 119 | ||
| John Dugall Taripo | Labour | 94 | ||
| Tongia Unuia | Labour | 82 | ||
| Amana Upu Pere | Independent | 33 | ||
| Source: Cook Islands Gazette, [6] Stone, [5] Pacific Islands Monthly [7] | ||||
The newly elected Assembly met for the first time on 10 May. With Henry still ineligible for election, Manea Tamarua was elected Leader of Government Business. He subsequently announced appointed Julian Dashwood, Tiakana Numanga, Apenera Short, Marguerite Story and Mana Strickland to the Executive Council. [2]
On 11 May Cook Islands Party MPs attempted to amend the Cook Islands Amendment Act to reduce the residency requirement and allow Henry to become an MP. The opposition independents walked out of the legislature, meaning it was not quorate due to the absence of two Cook Islands Party MPs. However, they returned the following day and an amendment to reduce the residency requirement to three months (providing the candidate had previously lived in the Cook Islands for at least a year) was passed. [2] Henry's sister Marguerite Story subsequently resigned from the Assembly to allow him to contest the by-election for Te-au-o-Tonga on 9 July. Henry was challenged by Dick Charles Brown, winning by 1,353 votes to 523. [8]
The Legislative Assembly later approved the constitution on 26 July by 20 votes to two. The two 'no' votes came from Pupuke Robati (who claimed that residents of Rakahanga did not wish for the Cook Islands to become self-governing) and Tangaroa Tangaroa (who claimed that Penrhyn wished to become part of New Zealand). [9] The Cook Islands became self-governing on 4 August 1965 when Henry was sworn in as the first Premier. [9] Henry formed a cabinet with Dashwood, Numanga, Short, Strickland and Tamarua as ministers. [9] On the same day as Henry was sworn in, Marguerite Story was elected unopposed as the Assembly's first Speaker. [9]
| Henry cabinet | |
|---|---|
| Portfolio | Member |
| Premier | Albert Henry |
| Aviation, Commerce, Economic Development, Emigration, Employment, External Affairs, Finance, Immigration, Justice, Labour, Tourism, Trade | |
| Agriculture, Health | Manea Tamarua |
| Cooperatives | Apenera Short |
| Education | Mana Strickland |
| Police, Social Development | Julian Dashwood |
| Public Works, Survey | Tiakana Numanga |
| Source: Pacific Islands Monthly | |
Although Henry held numerous portfolios, the other members of the cabinet were Associate Ministers for several of his areas of responsibility; Dashwood was Associate Minister for the Post Office, Hotel and Printing Office, Numanga was Associate Minister of Labour, Short was Associate Minister of Economic Development, Strickland was Associate Minister for Finance, Aviation, Shipping and Immigration, Tamarua was Associate Minister of Economic Development, Finance and Justice. [9]
In June 1966 Dashwood was convicted of attempting to obtain a bribe and was removed from the Assembly and cabinet. He was also struck off the voter roll and was unable to contest the subsequent by-election. [10] Albert Henry's nephew Tupui Henry was elected in the by-election, and was appointed to the cabinet as Minister of Internal Affairs. [11]
The Cook Islands are named after Captain James Cook, who visited the islands in 1773 and 1777, although Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendaña was the first European to reach the islands in 1595. The Cook Islands became aligned to the United Kingdom in 1890, largely because of the fear of British residents that France might occupy the islands as it already had Tahiti.
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Albert Royle Henry was the first Premier of the Cook Islands and the founder and first leader of the Cook Islands Party (CIP). First elected Premier in August 1965, he was unseated in the aftermath of the 1978 election after an electoral petition found he had committed electoral fraud. He was later stripped of his knighthood. In 2023 he was posthumously pardoned.
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Sir Pupuke Robati, KBE was a Cook Island politician. He served as Prime Minister of the Cook Islands from 29 July 1987 to 1 February 1989.
Tina Pupuke-Browne is a Cook Islands politician and a member of the Cook Islands Parliament. She is the leader of the Democratic Party.
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Robert Julian Dashwood was a British-born Cook Islands writer and politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly between 1963 and 1966 and served in the territory's first two cabinets.
Ngatupuna Matepi (1909–1977) was a Cook Islands politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1958 until his death, had two spells in the cabinet between 1962 and 1965, and became the first official Leader of the Opposition in 1968.
Tiakana Numanga was a Cook Islands politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly between 1965 and his death and held several ministerial portfolios, including being Deputy Premier.
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