Related Research Articles
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's border with Russia. Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, and Ordos.
Hu Yaobang was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China. He held the top office of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1987, first as Chairman from 1981 to 1982, then as General Secretary from 1982 to 1987. Hu joined the CCP in the 1930s, and rose to prominence as a comrade of Deng Xiaoping. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), Hu was purged, recalled, and purged again by Mao Zedong. His tomb is in Gongqingcheng, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang.
Hohhot, formerly known as Kweisui or Guisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center. Its population was 3,446,100 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, of whom 2,944,889 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of 4 urban districts plus the Tümed Left Banner.
The Shanghai clique, also referred to as the Shanghai gang, Jiang clique, or Jiang faction, refers to an informal group of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials who rose to prominence under former CCP General Secretary Jiang Zemin while he served as the party chief and mayor of Shanghai.
China Youth University of Political Studies is a university in Beijing, established in 1985 by the Communist Youth League of China. Since then the university has been affiliated with the league, and the leader of the league usually holds the presidency of the university. Hu Jintao, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President of China, was once the president of this university. The university's 12-hectare (30-acre) campus is located in Xisanhuan Bei Lu in Beijing. The China Youth University of Political Studies ceased operation as a public university in 2017. It is now a co-brand used by the Central School of the Communist Youth League of China, a training school run by the Communist Youth League.
Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in the northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Bole, also known as Bortala. It has a population of 475,483 inhabiting an area of 27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi). Despite being designated an autonomous area for Mongols in China, only a little over five and a half per cent of Bortala's population is Mongol.
Donghu or Hu was a tribal confederation of nomadic people that was first recorded from the 7th century BCE and was destroyed by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE. They lived in northern Hebei, southeastern Inner Mongolia and the western part of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang along the Yan Mountains and Greater Khingan Range.
Mongols in China also known as Chinese Mongolians or Mongolian Chinese or Chinese of Mongol ancestry are ethnic Mongols who reside in the People's Republic of China.
The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. It was a provincial center in the earliest unified empires of China, Qin and Han. The northern border of ancient China ran close to the present city of Beijing, and northern nomadic tribes frequently broke in from across the border. Thus, the area that was to become Beijing emerged as an important strategic and a local political centre. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin. When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time. From 1279 onward, with the exception of two interludes from 1368 to 1420 and 1928 to 1949, Beijing would remain as China's capital, serving as the seat of power for the Ming dynasty (1421–1644), the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the early Republic of China (1912–1928) and now the People's Republic of China (1949–present).
Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian Plateau, including the four Outer Mongolian aimags and the six Inner Mongolian aimags from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty. The term "Mongolia" is used here in the broader historical sense, and includes an area much larger than the modern-day state of Mongolia. Ligdan saw much of his power weakened due to the disunity of the Mongol tribes. He was subsequently defeated by the Later Jin dynasty and died soon afterwards. His son Ejei handed the Yuan imperial seal over to Hong Taiji in 1635, thus ending the rule of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Inner Mongolia. However, the Khalkha Mongols in Outer Mongolia continued to rule until they were overrun by the Dzungar Khanate in 1690, and they submitted to the Qing dynasty in 1691.
Zhonghua minzu is a political term in modern Chinese nationalism related to the concepts of nation-building, ethnicity, and race in the Chinese nationality.
On the night of May 10, 2011 an ethnic Mongol herdsman was killed by a coal truck driver near Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. The incident, alongside grievances over mining development in the region and the perceived erosion of traditional lifestyle of indigenous peoples, led to a series of Mongol protests across Inner Mongolia. Some 2000 students participated in protests at Communist Party headquarters of the West Ujimqin Banner, followed by demonstrations by secondary school students in the Xilinhot area. Select secondary schools and universities with large ethnic Mongol populations were reportedly under "lockdown". The Inner Mongolia government under Hu Chunhua tightened security in Inner Mongolian cities, including dispatching People's Armed Police troops to central Hohhot.
Anti-Mongol sentiment has been prevalent throughout history, often perceiving the Mongols to be barbaric and uncivilized people with a lack of intelligence or civilized culture.
The Qing dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Qing dynasty's realm in Inner Asia in the 17th and the 18th century AD, including both Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, both Manchuria and Russian Manchuria, Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang.
Zhu Houze was a Chinese politician most active in the 1980s, best known for his term as head of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. As head of the department he presided over a period of liberalism in the Chinese press.
Zhou Hui was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Guannan County, Jiangsu Province. His birth name was Hui Jue. He was the younger brother of Hui Yuyu, two-time governor of Jiangsu Province. He changed his name in 1938, when he joined the Chinese Communist Party and went to Yan'an, using his mother's surname as his own. He was Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Hunan Province and Inner Mongolia. At the Mountain Lu Conference in Jiujiang in 1959, Zhou Hui and his predecessor in Hunan, Zhou Xiaozhou, along with Huang Kecheng and Zhang Wentian, gave their support to Peng Dehuai. Unlike Zhou Xiaozhou, Huang and Zhang, Mao did not punish Zhou Hui for his support of Peng. Policies proposed by Zhou resulted in the 1981 Inner Mongolia student protest.
The Central Policy Research Office is an institution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party responsible for providing policy recommendations and insights to matters of governance, spanning political, social, and economic realms. It is responsible for drafting the ideology and theories of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as various policy pronouncements at major congresses or plenums.
Wang Lixia is a Chinese politician of Mongol heritage, currently serving as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Inner Mongolia Committee and chairwoman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Government. In 2019, she was the only female party secretary of a provincial-level capital in China. Prior to that, she served as party secretary of Hohhot, the capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and director of the United Front Department of the CCP Inner Mongolia Committee from 2016 to 2019 and vice governor of Shaanxi from 2013 to 2016.
The Inner Mongolia incident, or the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party purge incident, was a massive political purge which occurred during the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia. The purge was supported by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and was led by Teng Haiqing, a lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army. It took place from 1967 to 1969 during which over a million people were categorized as members of the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP), while lynching and direct massacre resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands, most of whom were Mongols.
The 2020 Inner Mongolia protests was a protest caused by a curriculum reform imposed on ethnic schools by China's Inner Mongolia Department of Education. The two-part reform replaces Mongolian with Standard Mandarin as the medium of instruction in three particular subjects and replaces three regional textbooks, printed in Mongolian script, by the nationally-unified textbook series edited by the Ministry of Education, written in Standard Mandarin. On a broader scale, the opposition to the curriculum change reflects ethnic issues in China and the decline of regional language education in China.
References
- 1 2 Jankowiak, William R. (1988). "The Last Hurrah? Political Protest in Inner Mongolia". The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs. The University of Chicago Press (19/20): 269–288. doi:10.2307/2158548. JSTOR 2158548. S2CID 156352814.
- 1 2 "中共中央关于转发《中央书记处讨论内蒙古自治区工作纪要》的通知，中发［1981］28号". The Chinese Cultural Revolution Database. 1981-08-03. Archived from the original on 2016-08-27.
  | This article related to the history of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |