Sources
- Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983.
- Central State Archive of the Soviet Army. In two volumes. Volume 1. Guide. TsGASA, 1991 С. 281—283
The 1st Ukrainian Soviet Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between April 15, 1919 and June 25, 1919 when the Ukrainian Front was abolished. The troops were the transferred to form the 12th Army of the Western Front.
The First Ukrainian Soviet Army fought against the UNR Army west of Kiev and by the end of May occupied Rivne, Dubno and Sarny, having cleared a considerable part of the Western Ukraine from the enemy and interrupted the connection of the UNR Army with Galicia.
In May, the Army participated in the elimination of the Grigoriev Uprising.
On May 28, 1919, the Army transferred part of its troops to the Southern Front and went on the defensive, continuing to fight against Petlyura and local armed formations in the districts of Rivne, Ostroh, Sarny, and Proskurov.
Rivne, also known as Rovno, is a historic city in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Rivne Oblast (province), as well as the surrounding Rivne Raion (district) within the oblast. Administratively, Rivne is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: 246,003 (2020 est.)
Sarny, translated as Does, is a small city in Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Sarny Raion (district), and is a major railway node on the Sluch River. Population: 29,066 (2020 est.)
The 16th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War era. It was originally formed as the Western Army on November 15, 1918, by the Russian SFSR for the purpose of recovering territories lost by the Russian Empire during the First World War and establishing Soviet republics in those territories. The Western Army engaged various local forces from the Baltic States, Belarus, Poland and Ukraine, and its actions contributed to starting the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920. The army fought in the Polish–Soviet War under the command of Nikolai Sollogub and advanced westwards into Poland in July 1920 before being thrown back during the Battle of Warsaw in August. The army retreated east into Belarus and was disbanded in May 1921.
The Directorate, or Directory was a provisional collegiate revolutionary state committee of the Ukrainian People's Republic, initially formed on November 13–14, 1918 during a session of the Ukrainian National Union in rebellion against Skoropadsky's regime. During the overthrow of Pavlo Skoropadsky it was named as the Executive Council of the State Affairs. Its authority was extended by the Labor Congress of Ukraine on January 23–28, 1919.
Mykola Oleksandrovich Shchors was a Red Army commander, member of the Russian Communist Party, renowned for his personal courage during the Russian Civil War and sometimes being called the Ukrainian Chapayev. In 1918–1919 he fought against the new established Ukrainian government of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Later he commanded the Bohunsky regiment, brigade, 1st Soviet Ukrainian division and 44th rifle division against head of the Ukrainian People's Republic Symon Petliura and his Polish allies. Shchors was slain in battle.
Nikifor (Nikolay) Grigoriev, born Nychypir Servetnyk in a small village of Zastavlia, was a paramilitary leader noted for numerous switching of sides during the civil war in Ukraine. He was commonly known as "Otaman Grigoriev", as "Matviy Hryhoriyiv", "Matvey Grigoriev", or "Mykola Grigoriev".
The Southern Front of the Russian Civil War was a theatre of the Russian Civil War.
The Ukrainian War of Independence, a period of sustained warlike conflict, lasted from 1917 to 1921 and resulted in the establishment and development of a Ukrainian republic, most of which was later absorbed into the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of 1922–1991.
The Zhytomyr–Berdychiv Offensive operation was a part of the strategic offensive of the Red Army in the right-bank (western) Ukrainian SSR, the Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive. The successful offensive operation was conducted by the forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front commanded by General of Army Nikolai Vatutin during World War II, from 24 December through to 14 January 1944.
Klesiv is an urban-type settlement in Sarny Raion (district) of Rivne Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Population: 4,634 (2020 est.)
Mlyniv is an urban-type settlement in Rivne Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. Mlyniv is also the administrative center of Mlyniv Raion (district), housing the district's local administration buildings. Its population was 8,446 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Current population: 8,205 (2020 est.)
The Red Cossacks was a military formation of Bolsheviks and the Soviet government of Ukraine. Red Cossacks was a collective for one of the biggest cavalry formations of the Workers-Peasant Red Army (RKKA) and was part of the Ukrainian, Southern, and Southwestern fronts during the Russian Civil War and later was stationed in the Ukrainian SSR.
The Ukrainian Front, formerly the Army Group of Kursk Direction was a Soviet Army Group during the Russian Civil War, which existed between January and June 1919. The Army Group was created to invade Ukraine after the withdrawal of the Austrian-German occupation force in November 1918 and to fight the Ukrainian People's Republic, as well as the troops of the Entente which had landed on the Black Sea coast.
The Army Group was primarily based on two insurgent divisions that were created on September 22, 1918 by the order #6 of All-Ukrainian Central Military Revolutionary Committee and were part of the Red Army Reserve Front at the Oryol Military District. The reserve front was originally commissioned under Commandarm Glagolev and members of revolutionary military council Viyshnevetsky and Zusmanovich.
The Soviet–Ukrainian War is the term commonly used in post-Soviet Ukraine for the events taking place between 1917–21, nowadays regarded essentially as a war between the Ukrainian People's Republic and the RSFSR. The war ensued soon after the October Revolution when Lenin dispatched the Antonov's expeditionary group to Ukraine and Southern Russia.
The Sarny Massacre was the execution of an estimated 14,000 to 18,000 people, mostly Jews, in the Nazi-occupied city of Sarny, now Rivne Oblast of Ukraine, on August 27 and 28, 1942.
The Western Front was a front of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War and Polish-Soviet War, which existed between February 12, 1919 and April 8, 1924. The Western Front was first established on the basis of the administration of the disbanded Northern Front. The Front headquarters were located consequently in Staraya Russa, Molodechno, Dvinsk, Smolensk and Minsk.
The 3rd Ukrainian Soviet was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which existed between April 15, 1919 and June 13, 1919 as part of the Ukrainian Front. Then the troops became part of the newly formed 12th Army of the Western Front.
The Offensive of the Ukrainian Front was a major offensive of the Soviet troops of the Ukrainian Front against the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic during the Ukrainian–Soviet War, in the context of the Russian Civil War.
The 1st Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. The 1st Army was formed twice. The first formation was between the beginning of March 1918 and May as a reaction to the Austro-German occupation of Ukraine. The second formation was created on June 19, 1918, as a part of the Eastern Front and from August 15, 1919 as a part of the Turkestan Front. The Army was disbanded in January 1921.
The 4th Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War, which was formed 4 times between the beginning of March 1918 and March 1921.
