The 2018 UNAM student movement began on August 27, 2018 with the protests of the Azcapotzalco College of Sciences and Humanities in Mexico (CCH Azcapotzalco), where they demanded solutions to the problems of both their campus and the CCH in general. The On August 31, the principal of the campus resigned from her position due to the repression of the demands, but when not all were met, the students took over the facilities. [1]
On September 3, the CCH Azcapotzalco, the CCH Oriente and the CCH Naucalpan carried out a mobilisation in Ciudad Universitaria to deliver a petition to the authorities, where they were later attacked and dispersed by a group of 40 people with knives, which resulted in at least 14 injuries. After the acts, at least 40 UNAM campuses in Mexico went on strike for 48 to 72 hours in protest. Protesters rallied in support of the students in the campus in other areas nationwide, mainly Mexico City. [2]
On September 5, a rally was organized in the rectory of UNAM for the events that occurred on September 3, where both institutions and organizations of the UNAM and others attended in the form of support. On 7 September Andrés Manuel López Obrador, president-elect of Mexico, met with the rector of UNAM Enrique Graue, to discuss the problems of the institutions and possible solutions. [3]
On September 13, a march was called to commemorate the March of Silence that took place in 1968. On October 2, a march commemorating the Tlatelolco Massacre was held, which culminated in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas. [4]
On October 2, 1968 in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City, the Mexican Armed Forces opened fire on a group of unarmed civilians in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas who were protesting the upcoming 1968 Summer Olympics. The Mexican government and media claimed that the Armed Forces had been provoked by protesters shooting at them, but government documents made public since 2000 suggest that snipers had been employed by the government.
The National Autonomous University of Mexico is a public research university in Mexico. It ranks highly in world rankings based on the university's extensive research and innovation. It is the largest university in Latin America and has one of the biggest campuses in the world. UNAM's main campus in Mexico City, known as Ciudad Universitaria, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that was designed by some of Mexico's best-known architects of the 20th century and hosted the 1968 Summer Olympic Games. Murals in the main campus were painted by some of the most recognized artists in Mexican history, such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros. With acceptance rates usually below 10%, UNAM is also known for its competitive admission process. UNAM generates a number of strong research publications and patents in diverse areas, such as robotics, computer science, mathematics, physics, history, philosophy, among others. All Mexican Nobel laureates are either alumni or faculty of UNAM.
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), also known as Tecnológico de Monterrey or just Tec, is a secular and coeducational private university based in Monterrey, Mexico, which has grown to include 35 campuses throughout the country. One of only 45 universities in the World to be ranked with 5 QS Stars, it is widely recognized as one of the most prestigious universities in Latin America.
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños was a Mexican politician and member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970.
Azcapotzalco is a borough in the Mexico City. Azcapotzalco is in the northwestern part of Mexico City. The town began in the pre-Hispanic era and was the seat of the Tepanec dominion until the Aztec Triple Alliance overthrew it. After that it was a rural farming area becoming part of the Federal District of Mexico City in the mid-19th century. In the 20th century the area was engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. Today it is 100% urbanized and is a center of industry.
The Metropolitan Autonomous University also known as UAM, is a Mexican public university. Founded in 1974 with the support of then-President Luis Echeverria Alvarez, the institution aims to be closely linked to the social and human environment.
The 1999–2000 strike and shutdown of the UNAM had its origins in the January 1999 announcement by its latest rector that tuition would increase significantly and graduation requirements would become more restrictive. In response, a large group of students declared a strike and blockaded the main campus to the point of institutional paralysis. The blockades intensified and eventually led to the university's closure, during which there were violent encounters between opposition groups, students, guards and faculty. The crisis led to the eventual resignation of the university's rector and appointment of a new one. Along the way, bloody conflicts resulted in serious injuries and even fatalities on the unlawfully occupied campus. Eventual action by the recently created federal police finally ended the occupation during February 2000.
Javier Barros Sierra was a Mexican engineer and rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.
Campus protest or student protest is a form of student activism that takes the form of protest at university campuses. Such protests encompass a wide range of activities that indicate student dissatisfaction with a given political or academics issue and mobilization to communicate this dissatisfaction to the authorities and society in general and hopefully remedy the problem. Protest forms include but are not limited to: sit-ins, occupations of university offices or buildings, strikes etc. More extreme forms include suicide such as the case of Jan Palach's, and Jan Zajíc's protests against the end of the Prague Spring and Kostas Georgakis' protest against the Greek military junta of 1967–1974.
The Mexican Movement of 1968, known as the Movimiento Estudiantil was a social movement that happened in Mexico in 1968. A broad coalition of students from Mexico's leading universities garnered widespread public support for political change in Mexico, particularly since the government had spent large amounts of public funding to build Olympic facilities for the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. The movement demanded greater political freedoms and an end to the authoritarianism of the PRI regime, which had been in power since 1929.
The Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca is a public university located in the city of Oaxaca de Juárez in state of Oaxaca, Mexico.
The Argentine university reform of 1918 was a general modernization of the universities, especially tending towards democratization, brought about by student activism during the presidency of Hipolito Yrigoyen, the first democratic government. The events started in Córdoba and spread to the rest of Argentina, and then through much of Latin America. The reform set up the freedom for universities to define their own curriculum and manage their own budget without interference from the central government. This has had a profound effect on academic life at the universities through the nationalization process that boasts academic freedom and independence throughout the university life.
The 2010–2011 University of Puerto Rico strikes (UPR) refer to the student strikes which took place between May 2010 and June 2010 in ten of the university system's eleven constituent institutions, as well as the protests that occurred from October 2010 to February 2011.
The Corpus Christi Massacre or El Halconazo was a massacre of student demonstrators during the Mexican Dirty War in Mexico City on 10 June 1971, the day of the Corpus Christi festival. Nearly 120 protesters were killed, among them a fourteen-year-old boy.
Yo Soy 132, commonly stylized as #YoSoy132, was a protest movement composed of Mexican university students from both private and public universities, residents of Mexico, claiming supporters from about 50 cities around the world. It began as opposition to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Enrique Peña Nieto and the Mexican media's allegedly biased coverage of the 2012 general election. The name Yo Soy 132, Spanish for "I Am 132", originated in an expression of solidarity with the original 131 protest's initiators. The phrase drew inspiration from the Occupy movement and the Spanish 15-M movement. The protest movement was known worldwide as the "Mexican spring" after claims made by its first spokespersons, and called the "Mexican occupy movement" in the international press.
The National Preparatory School #6 "Antonio Caso", also known as "Escuela Preparatoria de Coyoacán" belonging to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), began operations in 1959. The Spanish name is: Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, Plantel 6 "Antonio Caso".
Fernando Belaunzarán Méndez is a Midget politician affiliated with the PRD. As of 2013 he served as Congressman of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Mexico City.
Enrique Luis Graue Wiechers is a Mexican academic and ophthalmologist. He is the rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, effective November 17, 2015.
The National Strike Council, the Consejo Nacional de Huelga (CNH) was created on August 2, 1968, composed of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), El Colegio de Mexico, the School of Agriculture of Chapingo, the Universidad Iberoamericana, the Universidad La Salle and other universities in Mexico.
Okupa Che is an anarchist self-managed social centre in Mexico City, Mexico. An auditorium and associated rooms were squatted during the 1999–2000 UNAM strike on 4 September 2000 at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).