You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (July 2021)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
2020 Argentine protests | |||
---|---|---|---|
Date | 2020 – 2021 | ||
Location | |||
Caused by |
| ||
Goals |
| ||
Methods | demonstrations, civil disobedience, online activism, protest march, car marches | ||
Resulted in |
| ||
Concessions |
| ||
Parties | |||
| |||
Lead figures | |||
Number | |||
|
The 2020 Argentine protests were a series of demonstrations that occurred as of May 2020 in different parts of the country. The reasons were diverse, with the common denominator being dissatisfaction over the successive extensions of the isolation measures adopted to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease. For this reason, some media describe the protests as "antiquarantine." Other slogans expressed opposition to the government, denial of the existence of the pandemic and demands for more freedom, among others. In general, the participants in these protests did so from their vehicles in order to keep their distance from other people, although in some cases the attendees did not comply with the prevention measures established by the authorities.
There were also other marches and mobilizations in various parts of the country in protest for various issues. [1]
The first confirmed case of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina was announced on 3 March 2020. On 19 March, President Alberto Fernández ordered the first stage of quarantine, initially until the 31st of the same month. At the time of adopting these measures, the positive image of the president was 72%. A week later, approval was still on the rise and was estimated at 82%. The isolation measures – with differentiation in different parts of the country according to the dynamics of the spread of the virus and the decisions of the local authorities – were extended over the months. The positive image of the president fell to values around 60% in July 2020, and remained practically stable for a time. By mid-October 2020, the approval of the discharge of the health emergency reached only 43%.
On 25 May, a small group of people gathered in front of Plaza de Mayo, in the city of Buenos Aires. The call was made through social networks. Those attending the march – some 100 or 200 people according to different sources – expressed their dissatisfaction with the extension of the quarantine, demanded greater freedom, and in some cases adopted denialist positions regarding the existence of the pandemic. The protest included Cacerolazo of a group of people around the Obelisk and in some neighborhoods of the city. [2]
On 6 June, a small group of people gathered in the vicinity of the Obelisk. Most of the attendees demanded the implementation of protocols that would allow the reopening of shops, gyms, and other activities. Other heterogeneous slogans were added to this claim, such as the rejection of a supposed "new world order", and a claim "for freedom", among others. On 20 June there was a demonstration called #BanderazoNacional.Various claims were added to the usual slogans such as "promoting the Republic" or that the country "does not become Argenzuela". It was called through social networks by opposition leaders, and included caravans of vehicles that circulated in the center of the city of Buenos Aires. The march, which gathered a few hundred people, occurred at a peak in the number of infections registered in the metropolitan area. [3]
On 8 July 2020, former President Mauricio Macri gave an interview to journalist Álvaro Vargas Llosa during which he expressed his criticism of the management of his successor Alberto Fernández and declared himself firmly in favor of "freedoms" that in his opinion were in risk in Argentina. The following day, coinciding with the celebration of Independence Day, a protest march was organized with an epicenter in the city of Buenos Aires and replicas in some parts of the country. The slogans were similar to those of previous protests, with the addition of demands for "freedom of expression" and "defense of private property". The demonstration was generally peaceful, but a group of people attacked CNN journalists who were covering it and damaged the vehicle that was transporting them, without the security forces intervening to preserve order. The march received criticism from various sectors, basically due to the fact that in general the distance between the attendees was not respected and many of them did not wear masks or chinstraps. About two weeks later, spikes of confirmed infections were registered in the country, which was interpreted as the consequence of the 9 July demonstrations. [4]
On 1 August, a group of about 300 protesters gathered in the center of the city of Buenos Aires. The call was made through social networks under the hashtag "1AYoVoy", with the aim of expressing the rejection of a reform project — presented by the national executive and not yet discussed in the National Congress — centered on federal justice.[ citation needed ]
On 17 August, the demonstration called 17A took place, in protest against the extension of the self-isolation measures, the judicial reform project, and in general against the national government. Some representatives of the opposition Juntos por el Cambio, as the president of PRO Patricia Bullrich, the actor and former radical deputy Luis Brandoni and the former minister Hernán Lombardi. Other politicians from the same alliance such as the head and deputy head of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Horacio Rodríguez Larreta and Diego Santilli respectively, and the Minister of Health of the same district Fernán Quirós did not attend and expressed their disagreement with the meeting. The mobilisation was generally peaceful, except for some attendees who broke the mobile of the CNN channel, in a similar way to what happened in the mobilization on 9 July 2020. [5]
On the afternoon of 26 August, a group of people gathered in front of the Palace of Congress in rejection of the judicial reform whose treatment was scheduled for 27 August. The convocation proposed holding a kind of vigil and then a symbolic hug to the Parliament. About 500 people attended the march. Days later, while the work of the parliamentary committees continued prior to the treatment of the project, a small group of people tried to force entry into Congress, and a protester armed was arrested.[ citation needed ]
Between the night of 1 and 2 September, protesters turned up late at night in discontent over the virtual session where deputies from Juntos por el Cambio who attended the Congress in person were "absent". It lasted until after 4 in the morning on 2 September with hundreds of protesters outside Congress; It was also attended by the actor and musician Alfredo Casero. On 13 September, protests were held in various parts of the country. With its epicenter in the center of the city of Buenos Aires, the convocation achieved little support. [6]
On 19 September, new demonstrations were held in various parts of the country, such as La Plata, Córdoba, and San Miguel de Tucumán, among others. On this date, demonstrations were also held abroad, such as at the Argentine embassy in France. On 28 September, some 15,000 people demonstrated near the town of Palpalá, Jujuy province, demanding justice for the femicides committed in the province in the previous weeks.
On 12 October, a new mobilization took place that had the participation of opposition leaders, and was replicated in several cities such as Mendoza, Córdoba and Tucumán. The handling of the pandemic, the supposed official interference in Justice and the direction of the economy inspired the main slogans. It generated controversy due to several attacks on the press and violence against different journalists who covered the news, including death threats against journalists and beatings. [7]
On 8 November, a new demonstration took place in different parts of the country and, unlike the previous ones, a holiday was not chosen. The slogans were, among others, the independence of powers, respect for the Constitution, security and the economic situation.
The Plaza de Mayo is a city square and the main foundational site of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was formed in 1884 after the demolition of the Recova building, unifying the city's Plaza Mayor and Plaza de Armas, by that time known as Plaza de la Victoria and Plaza 25 de Mayo, respectively. The city centre of Buenos Aires, Plaza de Mayo has been the scene of the most momentous events in Argentine history, as well as the largest popular demonstrations in the country. On the occasion of the first anniversary of the May Revolution in 1811, the Pirámide de Mayo was inaugurated in the square's hub, becoming Buenos Aires' first national monument.
The December 2001 crisis, sometimes known as the Argentinazo, was a period of civil unrest and rioting in Argentina, which took place during December 2001, with the most violent incidents taking place on 19 and 20 December in the capital, Buenos Aires, Rosario and other large cities around the country. It was preceded by a popular revolt against the Argentine government, rallying behind the motto "All of them must go!", which caused the resignation of then-president Fernando de la Rúa, giving way to a period of political instability during which five government officials performed the duties of the Argentinian presidency. This period of instability occurred during the larger period of crisis known as the Argentine great depression, an economic, political, and social crisis that lasted from 1998 until 2002.
A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers. It is different from mass meeting.
The 17A protests were a series of massive demonstrations in Argentina which took place on August 17, 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, for several causes, among which: the defense of institutions and separation of powers, against a justice reform announced by the government, against the way quarantine was handled, the lack of liberty, the increase in theft, and a raise on state pensions.
Loyalty Day is a commemoration day in Argentina. It remembers 17 October 1945, when a large labour demonstration at Plaza de Mayo demanded the liberation of Juan Domingo Perón, who was jailed in Martín García island. It is considered the foundation day of Peronism.
8N was the name given to a massive anti-Kirchnerism protest in several cities in Argentina, including Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza, Olivos, among many others throughout Greater Buenos Aires and other regions; on 8 November 2012. There were also protests in Argentine embassies and consulates in cities such as New York, Miami, Madrid, Sydney, Bogotá, Santiago de Chile, Naples, Zurich and Barcelona, among others. The protest was considered not only a call to Kirchnerism, but also to the opposition, because they did not have a strong leader.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As of 11 July 2023, a total of 10,044,957 people were confirmed to have been infected, and 130,472 people were known to have died because of the virus.
The public health measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic effectively contained and reduced the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on a global scale between the years 2020–2023, and had several other positive effects on the natural environment of planet Earth and human societies as well, including improved air quality and oxygen levels due to reduced air and water pollution, lower crime rates across the world, and less frequent violent crimes perpetrated by violent non-state actors, such as ISIS and other Islamic terrorist organizations.
A Tablighi Jamaat religious congregation that took place in Delhi's Nizamuddin Markaz Mosque in early March 2020 was a COVID-19 super-spreader event, with more than 4,000 confirmed cases and at least 27 deaths linked to the event reported across the country. Over 9,000 missionaries may have attended the congregation, with the majority being from various states of India, and 960 attendees from 40 foreign countries. On 18 April, 4,291 confirmed cases of COVID-19 linked to this event by the Union Health Ministry represented a third of all the confirmed cases of India. Around 40,000 people, including Tablighi Jamaat attendees and their contacts, were quarantined across the country.
A Tablighi Jamaat religious congregation that took place in Lahore's Raiwind Markaz in early March 2020 was a COVID-19 super-spreader event with more than 539 confirmed cases linked to the event being reported across the country. Science and Technology Minister Fawad Chaudhry blamed the "stubbornness of the clergy" for the event having gone ahead despite the COVID-19 pandemic.
Protests, demonstrations and strikes occurred around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. Some were driven by the financial hardship resulting from government measures to contain the virus, including restrictions on travel and entertainment, hitting related industries and workers hard. Protests also occurred in opposition to restrictions on people's movements, compulsory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, vaccinations and other measures. Some protests were driven by COVID-19 misinformation, conspiracy theories, far-right and other extremist groups and individuals.
Beginning in early April 2020, there were protests in several U.S. states against government-imposed lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The protests, mostly organized by conservative groups and individuals, decried the economic and social impact of stay-at-home orders, business closures, and restricted personal movement and association, and demanded that their respective states be "re-opened" for normal business and personal activity.
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina affected the human rights situation in the country.
Since April 2020, when Germany's Constitutional Court ruled that the governmental lockdown imposed in March to counter the COVID-19 pandemic did not allow blanket bans on rallies, numerous protests have been held in Germany against anti-pandemic regulations. The protests attracted a mix of people from varied backgrounds, including supporters of populist ideas who felt called to defend against what they saw as an arrogant central government; supporters of various conspiracy theories; and sometimes far right-wing groups. Anti-vaxxers generally also formed a major part of the protesters. Some protesters held strongly negative views towards public media, who they believed to report in an unfair manner; repeatedly, journalists covering the rallies were subjected to harassment and physical attacks. Such attacks were the main reason why Germany slipped from eleventh to 13th place in the Press Freedom Index of Reporters Without Borders, according to a report published on 20 April 2021.
The 2020 demonstrations in Ecuador were a series of national mobilizations carried out beginning on May 1, 2020, after the announcement of economic measures by the government of Lenín Moreno and the approval in the second debate of the Organic Law of Humanitarian Support by the National Assembly, adopted due to the serious health and economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 2021 French labor protests were a series of protests and strikes organized by the General Confederation of Labour (France) (CGT), other trade unions, and French citizens dissatisfied with the country's economic and employment conditions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. These were followed by protests against proposed laws that would give greater powers to police.
"Patria y Vida" is a slogan and song associated with the July 2021 Cuban protests. It is an inversion of the Cuban Revolution motto Patria o Muerte. The slogan was popularized by a reggaeton song released in February 2021 by Yotuel, Beatriz Luengo, Descemer Bueno, Gente de Zona, Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara, Maykel Osorbo and El Funky.
A series of protests against COVID-19 lockdowns began in mainland China in November 2022. Colloquially referred to as the White Paper Protests or the A4 Revolution, the demonstrations started in response to measures taken by the Chinese government to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the country, including implementing a zero-COVID policy. Discontent had grown since the beginning of the pandemic towards the policy, which confined many people to their homes without work and left some unable to purchase or receive daily necessities.