2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement

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2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement was reached between India and China for easing the hostilities resulting from skirmishes between two countries in Galwan Valley. Both the countries suffered casualties of defence personnel during confrontation.

Contents

Background

2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement was an understanding reached between two countries to de-escalate tensions [1] after the differences arose due to clash between two countries in Galwan Valley on 15 June 2020. [2] [3] [4] The agreement is believed to ease the hostilities between the two countries. [5]

The agreement has enabled both countries to take their patrolling as it was before year 2020. [6] [7]

Buffer Zone

2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement resulted in the creation of buffer zone between countries. [8]

Post agreement consequences

2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement will help in [9] [10]

Patrolling restoration

2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement restored the patrolling rights in Depsang Plains and Demchok region between mutual countries. [13] The deal ensures each side is following the agreement for resuming the patrolling operations in the Ladakh region and underscores the respective territory claims of both countries. [14]

Challenges

2024 India-China Border Patrol Agreement faces challenges from both countries due to infrastructure and militarisation established by both countries. [15]

See also

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The Line of Actual Control (LAC), in the context of the Sino-Indian border dispute, is a notional demarcation line that separates Indian-controlled territory from Chinese-controlled territory. The concept was introduced by Chinese premier Zhou Enlai in a 1959 letter to Jawaharlal Nehru as the "line up to which each side exercises actual control", but rejected by Nehru as being incoherent. Subsequently, the term came to refer to the line formed after the 1962 Sino-Indian War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Ladakh</span>

Ladakh is an administrative territory of India that has been under its control since 1947. The geographical region of Ladakh union territory is the highest altitude plateau region in India, incorporating parts of the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges and the upper Indus River and valley.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sino-Indian border dispute</span> Border dispute between China and India

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In early May 2020, troops of the People's Liberation Army and Indian Army engaged in melee at locations along the notional Line of Actual Control (LAC), the disputed boundary between China and India. It escalated on 15/16 June 2020 resulting in deaths on both sides. Indian sources reported the deaths of 20 Indian soldiers and casualties of at least 45 Chinese soldiers. China reported 4 deaths. On 7 September, for the first time in 45 years, shots were fired along the LAC, with both sides blaming each other for the firing. Indian media also reported that Indian troops fired warning shots at the PLA on 30 August.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Differing perceptions of the Line of Actual Control</span>

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The Depsang Bulge or Burtsa Bulge is a 900-square-kilometre area of mountain terrain in the disputed Aksai Chin region, which was conceded to India by China in 1960, but has remained under Chinese occupation since the 1962 Sino-Indian War. The area is immediately to the south of the Depsang Plains and encloses the basin of the Burtsa Nala, a stream originating in the Aksai Chin region and flowing west to merge with the Depsang Nala near the village of Burtsa in Ladakh, eventually draining into the Shyok River. The area is perceived to be of strategic importance to both the countries, sandwiched by strategic roads linking border outposts. Since 2013, China has made attempts to push the Line of Actual Control further west into Indian territory, threatening India's strategic road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement, 1993</span> Agreement between China and Indian regarding border management

The Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement is an agreement signed by China and India in September 1993, agreeing to maintain the status quo on their mutual border pending an eventual boundary settlement. The Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures, 1996, pursuant to the 1993 agreement, incrementally details the military confidence building measures to be implemented that would ensure no-war. The Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures, 2005 further discussed modalities to implement the confidence building measures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Border Defence Cooperation Agreement</span> India-China border security and stability agreement

The Agreement between India and China on Border Defence Cooperation (BDCA) covers border stability and security, information asymmetry, smuggling, socio-economic reconstruction, environment and disease transmission along the line of actual control. It is an incremental addition to the previous border agreements related to the Sino-Indian border dispute.

Gogra (also referred to as Nala Junction) is a pasture and campsite in the Ladakh union territory of India, near the Line of Actual Control with China. It is located in the Kugrang River valley, a branch valley of Chang Chenmo Valley, where the Changlung River flows into Kugrang. During the times of the British Raj, Gogra was a halting spot for travellers to Central Asia via the 'Chang Chenmo route', who proceeded through the Changlung river valley and the Aksai Chin plateau.

Jianan Pass is a mountain pass in the eastern Karakoram Range near the Chang Chenmo Valley. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China runs through the pass dividing the Indian-administered Ladakh and Chinese-administered Aksai Chin. The pass lies on the watershed between Kugrang and Galwan river basins. The Changlung river basin is also immediately to the east of the pass. While China uses the name "Jianan Daban" for the pass, India refers to it as Patrol Point 15 (PP-15) for border security purposes. The term "Hot Springs" has also been used by Indian media through misapplication of terminology.

References

  1. ↑ "India and China agree to de-escalate border tensions". bbc.com. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  2. ↑ "India says it has reached a deal with China to patrol disputed border". washingtonpost.com. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  3. ↑ "India says it reached deal with China on army patrols along disputed border". Al Jazeera. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  4. ↑ "India-China Border Patrol Agreement: What It Means, Why It Is Important". ndtv.com. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  5. ↑ "India and China Reach Border Deal That Could Ease Hostilities". nytimes.com/. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  6. ↑ Iyer, Simone McCarthy, Aishwarya S. (22 October 2024). "India and China have struck a deal that could ease border tensions ahead of expected leader meeting". CNN. Retrieved 23 October 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ "'Back to 2020 situation': Why China border deal is huge victory for India". India Today. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  8. ↑ "Video Explainer: Understanding The LAC And The Stand-Off With China". ndtv.com. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  9. ↑ "What is India-China LAC Patrolling Agreement? Key Points and Explanation". Jagranjosh.com. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  10. ↑ "India, China reach pact to resolve border conflict, Indian foreign minister says". reuters.com. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  11. ↑ Kugelman, Michael (23 October 2024). "India and China Reach Border Breakthrough". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  12. ↑ "India-China border patrol agreement explained: Why it matters - Overview of the agreement". The Economic Times. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  13. ↑ "India China border agreement: Patrol rights in Depsang Plains, Demchok to be restored, will be closely coordinated". The Indian Express. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  14. ↑ Marsi, Federica (22 October 2024). "How India and China pulled back from a border war — and why now". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  15. ↑ "India-China LAC agreement is welcome – but is it a breakthrough?". The Indian Express. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
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