In August and September 2025, widespread flooding affected parts of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The floods were caused by particularly heavy monsoon rains in mountainous areas of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and the disputed union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The resulting flash floods forced Indian authorities to open dams on several rivers flowing into both Indian and Pakistani Punjab, leading to widespread flooding in downstream areas. Over 1400 villages in Pakistan's Punjab province have been flooded, while 1400 villages in the Indian state of Punjab were also affected, [1] [2] displacing over 1.2 million people in Pakistan and 300,000 in India. [3] [2]