3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade

Last updated
3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade
Estonian Division.jpg
Insignia of Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade
ActiveDecember 1943 – March 1944
CountryFlag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Nazi Germany
Branch Flag Schutzstaffel.svg Waffen-SS
Type Infantry
Size Brigade
Engagements World War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Franz Augsberger

The 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade (German : 3. Estnische SS-Freiwilligen-Brigade) was a formation of the German Waffen-SS during World War II. It was formed in May 1943, when the Estonian SS Legion (Estnische SS-Legion) was upgraded. The first name chosen for the brigade was the Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, until October 1943, when all SS brigades were numbered so it finally became the 3rd Estonian Volunteer Brigade. The brigade was expanded to a division and renamed on January 23, 1944.

Contents

Service history

The Estonian SS Legion had by April 1943, increased its numbers enough to form a brigade-sized formation and was even able to dispatch a battalion, the Narva Battalion, to the SS Division Wiking to replace the departing Finnish Battalion whose members had come to the end of their contracts.[ citation needed ] The new 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade had by November 1943, 5,099 men and was ready for active service.[ citation needed ]

In October the brigade was first allocated anti-partisan duties in northern Belarus. At the end of October, the Red Army broke through the German lines after intense fighting in the nearby Nevel section of the front. Since the German command had no reserves in the area, the Estonian Brigade was transferred to the front line where it pushed the Soviet forces back 5-15 kilometers by 13 November. [1]

The Brigade was put under command of the VIII Corps of Army Group North. The brigade suffered severe losses fighting against numerous Red Army assaults and was eventually forced back to Opochka and transferred to the I Army Corps. It was then decided[ vague ] to create an Estonian Division and use the Brigade to form the cadre of the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division der SS (Estonian Number 1).[ citation needed ]

The brigade was expanded to a division and renamed the 20th Estonian SS Volunteer Division on January 23, 1944. [2] It was returned to Estonia after the general conscription call where it was reformed into the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) established on May 26, 1944, [2] when it absorbed all the other Estonian formations in the German military and some Estonian police units. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 was also assimilated. [2]

Commander

Related Research Articles

<i>Waffen-SS</i> Military branch of the Nazi SS

The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and unoccupied lands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">33rd Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Charlemagne</span> French units of the Waffen-SS

The Waffen Grenadier Brigade of the SS Charlemagne was a Waffen-SS unit formed in September 1944 from French collaborationists, many of whom were already serving in various other German units. Named after the 9th-century Frankish emperor, it superseded the existing Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism formed in 1941 within the German Army (Wehrmacht) and the SS-Volunteer Sturmbrigade France formed in July 1943, both of which were disbanded the same month. The division also included French recruits from other German military and paramilitary formations and Miliciens who had fled ahead of the Allied Liberation of France.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flemish Legion</span> German infantry division

The Flemish Legion was a collaborationist military formation recruited among Dutch-speaking volunteers from German-occupied Belgium, notably from Flanders, during World War II. It was formed in the aftermath of the German invasion of the Soviet Union and fought on the Eastern Front in the Waffen SS alongside similar formations from other parts of German-occupied Western Europe.

The III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps was a Waffen-SS armoured corps which saw action on the Eastern Front during World War II. The (Germanische) part of its designation was granted as it was composed primarily of foreign volunteer formations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle for Narva Bridgehead</span> 1944 military conflict in Estonia during WW II

The Battle of Narva Bridgehead was the campaign that stalled the Soviet Estonian operation in the surroundings of the town of Narva for six months. It was the first phase of the Battle of Narva campaign fought at the Eastern Front during World War II, the second phase being the Battle of Tannenberg Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Narva (1944)</span> Battle of World War II

The Battle of Narva was a World War II military campaign, lasting from 2 February to 10 August 1944, in which the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Tannenberg Line</span> Battle of World War II

The Battle of Tannenberg Line or the Battle of the Blue Hills was a military engagement between the German Army Detachment Narwa and the Soviet Leningrad Front. They fought for the strategically important Narva Isthmus from 25 July–10 August 1944. The battle was fought on the Eastern Front during World War II. The strategic aim of the Soviet Estonian Operation was to reoccupy Estonia as a favorable base for the invasions of Finland and East Prussia. Waffen-SS forces included 24 volunteer infantry battalions from the SS Division Nordland, the SS Division Langemarck, the SS Division Nederland, and the Walloon Legion. Roughly half of the infantry consisted of the personnel of the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS. The German force of 22,250 men held off 136,830 Soviet troops. As the Soviet forces were constantly reinforced, their overall casualties are estimated by Estonian historian Mart Laar to be 170,000 dead and wounded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volunteer Legion Netherlands</span> German infantry division

The Volunteer Legion Netherlands was a collaborationist military formation recruited in the German-occupied Netherlands during World War II. It was formed in the aftermath of the German invasion of the Soviet Union and fought on the Eastern Front in the Waffen SS alongside similar formations from other parts of German-occupied Western Europe. It was the largest Dutch SS unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)</span> German infantry division

The 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS was a foreign infantry division of the Waffen-SS that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II. According to some sources, the division was under Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's overall command but was not an integral part of the Schutzstaffel (SS). It was officially activated on 24 January 1944, and many of its soldiers had been members of the Estonian Legion and/or the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, which had been fighting as part of German forces since August 1942 and October 1943 respectively. Both of the preceding formations drew their personnel from German-occupied Estonia. Shortly after its official activation, widespread conscription within Estonia was announced by the German occupying authorities. The division was formed in Estonia around a cadre comprising the 3rd Estonian SS Volunteer Brigade, and was initially known as the 20th Estonian SS Volunteer Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">German occupation of Estonia during World War II</span> Period of Estonian history from 1941 to 1944

During World War II, in the course of Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded Estonia in July–December 1941, and occupied the country until 1944. Estonia had gained independence in 1918 from the then warring German and Russian Empires. However, in the wake of the August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact, the Stalinist Soviet Union had invaded and occupied Estonia in June 1940, and the country was formally annexed into the USSR in August 1940.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian)</span> German infantry division

The 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS also Legione SS Italiana was an SS formation of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was originally created in the puppet Italian Social Republic in 1943 as the Italian Legion, later renamed to a brigade. The unit was upgraded to division status on 10 February 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harald Riipalu</span> Estonian military personnel, SS officer

Harald Riipalu was an Estonian commander in the German Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estonian Legion</span> Estonian military unit during WW II, part of Waffen SS

The Estonian Legion was a military unit within the Combat Support Forces of the Waffen-SS during World War II, mainly consisting of Estonian soldiers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harald Nugiseks</span> Estonian military personnel

Harald Nugiseks was an Waffen-Oberscharführer (Sergeant) in World War II, who served in the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS of the Waffen-SS. Nugiseks is also one of the four Estonian soldiers who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

The 2nd SS Infantry Brigade (mot.) was formed on the 15 May 1941, under the command of Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld with the 4th and 5th SS Infantry Regiments and began its operational service in September in the Army Group North Rear Area, under which command it would spend its entire existence. It gradually began to incorporate foreign legions of the SS under its operational control. After the western legions departed for refit, it began operating with Latvian volunteer formations and eventually was redesignated the 2nd Latvian SS Infantry Brigade and on the 18 May 1943, and used as the cadre in the formation of the Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS in January 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts</span> Recruits for the Waffen-SS in World War II

During World War II, the Waffen-SS recruited significant numbers of non-Germans, both as volunteers and conscripts. In total some 500,000 non-Germans and ethnic Germans from outside Germany, mostly from German-occupied Europe, were recruited between 1940 and 1945. The units were under the control of the SS Führungshauptamt beneath Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Upon mobilization, the units' tactical control was given to the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht.

Estonian Auxiliary Police were Estonian collaborationist police units during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narva offensive (July 1944)</span> 1944 battle in Estonia during WW II

This is a sub-article to Battle of Narva (1944).

Edgar Joseph Alexandre Puaud was a French army officer, who, in 1945, briefly became commander of the Charlemagne Division, a French unit of the Waffen-SS in the service of Nazi Germany.

References

  1. Jüri Remmelgas (1955) (in Estonian). Kolm kuuske (The Three Spruces). Stockholm: Kirjastus EMP. pp. 153-172.
  2. 1 2 3 Jurado, Carlos; Nigel Thomas; Darko Pavlović (2002). Germany's Eastern Front allies (2): Baltic forces. Osprey Publishing. p. 13. ISBN   978-1-84176-193-0.