6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment

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6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
Flag of Wisconsin.svg
ActiveJuly 16, 1861 July 2, 1865
Country United States
Allegiance Union
Branch Infantry
Size Regiment
Nickname(s)"The Calico" or "Calico Boys"
Engagements American Civil War
Commanders
Colonel Lysander Cutler
Colonel Edward S. Bragg
Colonel Rufus Dawes
Colonel John Azor Kellogg
Insignia
I Corps badge (1st Division) Icorpsbadge1.png

The 6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Throughout the war, it was part of the brigade that came to be known as the Iron Brigade in the Army of the Potomac. They were engaged in most of the critical battles of the eastern theater of the war, including Antietam, Gettysburg, and Grant's Overland Campaign.

Contents

Service

The 6th Wisconsin was raised at Mauston, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service July 16, 1861, for a term of three years. After arriving in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., they were organized into a brigade with the 2nd Wisconsin, 7th Wisconsin, and 19th Indiana regiments, designated the 4th brigade, 1st division, III Corps, in the Army of Virginia.

They received their baptism by fire in the 1862 Northern Virginia Campaign, fighting at Brawner's Farm (Gainesville) in the waning hours of August 28, 1862, losing 72 men killed or wounded. It was during that battle, their brigade was given the nickname the "Iron Brigade".

After the devastating defeat at Second Bull Run, III Corps was transferred back into the Army of the Potomac and redesignated as I Corps. In the subsequent Maryland Campaign, the 6th Wisconsin would assault Turners Gap at the Battle of South Mountain, losing 90 men; three days later they would be heavily engaged again at the Battle of Antietam, resulting in another 152 casualties, including their then-commander, Colonel Edward Bragg, who was wounded in the first barrage.

6th Wisconsin attacking at Turner's Gap, 1862. The American Soldier, 1862 - by H. Charles McBarron.jpg
6th Wisconsin attacking at Turner's Gap, 1862.

The 6th Wisconsin would not see any major action at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but would partake in the assault at Fitzhugh's Crossing, April 29, 1863, part of the maneuvering for the Battle of Chancellorsville. Colonel Bragg would be wounded again at Chancellorsville, leaving command of the regiment to Lieutenant Colonel Rufus Dawes. After Chancellorsville, the Iron Brigade was redesignated as the 1st brigade, 1st division, I Corps.

A SE View of the RR Cut at Gettysburg, where the 6th Wisconsin made their famed charge. Gettysburg RR Cut SE View.JPG
A SE View of the RR Cut at Gettysburg, where the 6th Wisconsin made their famed charge.

The 6th Wisconsin's next major engagement would be at the crossroads town of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Their brigade was one of the first to engage the enemy at Gettysburg, advancing to Herbst's Woods in the morning, but the 6th Wisconsin would initially be held in reserve on Seminary Ridge. After the collapse of Lysander Cutler's brigade, The 6th Wisconsin would be ordered to attack an exposed Confederate brigade under the command of Joseph R. Davis. The 6th would form up on the Chambersburg Pike behind a fence, andaided by the 14th Brooklyn and the 95th New York would assault the Confederates, who had entrenched themselves in an unfinished railroad cut. [1] The following is quoted from Lieutenant Colonel Rufus Dawes in his postwar memoirs Service with the 6th Wisconsin. [2] "I first mistook the strange maneuver for a retreat, but was undeceived by the deadly fire, which they at once began to pour from their cover in the cut." Dawes noted that he lost ten men carrying the colors, and nearly half of all available officers. Upon reaching the railroad cut the 6th Wisconsin engaged in melee with the Confederates, capturing numerous prisoners and the battle flag of the 2nd Mississippi. The regiment would hold their position in the railroad cut, until ordered to retreat with the rest of the 1st Corps. On July 2nd the Iron Brigade would entrench on Culps' Hill south of Gettysburg. The 6th Wisconsin would suffer a total of 168 casualties at Gettysburg. [3]

After Gettysburg, the brigade would be briefly joined by the 167th Pennsylvania, who, convinced that their enlistments had expired, refused to march. As a result, the brigade was ordered to shoot the unruly Pennsylvanians, who quickly went into line, with little to no doubt in their mind that the hardened veterans of the Iron Brigade would not hesitate to shoot them, the 6th was ordered to march behind the 167th at bayonet point, with orders to shoot anyone who fell out of line.

Deeply exaggerated sketch of the RR Cut at Gettysburg Old R.R. cutting where Archers Brigade (i.e., Joseph Davis' Brigade) of A.P. Hills Division was captured by the 14th Brooklyn 6th Wisconsin and 95th N.Y. LCCN2004660805.jpg
Deeply exaggerated sketch of the RR Cut at Gettysburg

The Iron Brigade would see service in the Overland Campaign of 1864. During the Battle of The Wilderness the 6th Wisconsin, along with the rest of the Iron Brigade, assaulted Confederate lines on May 5. Total losses for the 6th Wisconsin during the Overland Campaign would add up to 140. The regiment would continue to see considerable service till the end of the war.

The regiment participated in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 23, 1865, and then mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, on July 2, 1865.

Commanders

Edward S. Bragg after promotion to brigadier general GenESBragg.jpg
Edward S. Bragg after promotion to brigadier general
Rufus Dawes as colonel RRDawes.jpg
Rufus Dawes as colonel

Total enlistments and casualties

The 6th Wisconsin Infantry initially mustered 1,029 men and later recruited an additional 601 men, for a total of 1,630 men. [4] The regiment lost 16 officers and 228 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 1 officer and 112 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 357 fatalities. [5]

6th Wisconsin Infantry, Company Organization [6] [7]
CompanyOriginal MonikerPrimary Place of RecruitmentCaptain(s)
ASauk County RiflemenSauk County and Sheboygan County Adam Gale Malloy (promoted)
David K. Noyes (wounded)
Lewis A. Kent (mustered out)
BPrescott GuardsPierce County and Still Water, Michigan Daniel J. Dill (promoted)
Rollin P. Converse (DOW)
William W. Hutchins (KIA)
Henry E. Smyser (mustered out)
CPrairie du Chien VolunteersCrawford County and Grant CountyAlexander Seymore Hooe (discharged)
Thomas W. Plummer (wounded)
Edward A. Whaley (mustered out)
DMontgomery GuardsMilwaukee County John O'Rourke (resigned)
John F. Marsh (wounded)
Samuel Birdsall (resigned)
Thomas Kerr (promoted)
John R. Lammey (DOW)
Henry C. Matraw (mustered out)
EBragg's RiflesFond du lac County and the town of Appleton Edward S. Bragg (promoted)
Edwin A. Brown (KIA)
Joseph H. Marston (resigned)
Charles P. Hyatt (DOW)
Henry T. Garfield (mustered out)
FCitizen's Corps, MilwaukeeMilwaukee County and Walworth CountyWilliam H. Lindwurn (discharged)
Fred Schumacher (promoted)
Werner Von Bachelle (KIA)
Otto Schorse (resigned)
Oscar Graetz (KIA)
Henry Schildt (mustered out)
GBeloit Star RiflesRock CountyMarshall Augustus Northrop (resigned)
Philip W. Plummer (promoted)
Lewis A. Kent (transferred to Co. A)
John Timmons (KIA)
Dennis B. Dailey (promoted)
Henry Naegely (mustered out)
HBuffalo County RiflesBuffalo CountyJohn F. Hauser (promoted)
Charles M. Ford (resigned)
Albert T. Morgan (mustered out)
IAnderson GuardsVernon County and Brown CountyLeonard Johnson (resigned)
John Azor Kellogg (promoted)
Alexander Lowrie (mustered out)
KLemonweir Minute MenJuneau County and Waukesha County Rufus R. Dawes (promoted)
David L. Quaw (resigned)
John Ticknor (KIA)
William N. Remington (wounded)
Andrew Gallop (mustered out)

Notable people

Nicknames

According to veteran of the 2nd Wisconsin, Cullen B. Aubery, the 6th Wisconsin's regimental nickname while part of the Iron Brigade was "The Calico", also called "The Calico Sixth" or the "Calico Boys". [8] This nickname, according to 6th Wisconsin veteran Rufus Dawes, the original commander of Company K, was derived from the mismatched uniforms first worn by the regiment when it was first mustered into service on July 16, 1861 at Camp Randall. [9]

See also

References

  1. Dawes, Rufus. Official Records, Vol. 27, Part 1, Pg 295. Government Printing Office.
  2. Dawes, Rufus Robinson (1890). Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. E.R. Alderman & Sons.
  3. "Monument to the 6th Wisconsin Infantry".
  4. 6th Wisconsin Archived March 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. Civil War Archive
  6. Wisconsin. Adjutant General's Office (1886). Roster of Wisconsin volunteers, war of the rebellion, 1861-1865. The Library of Congress. Madison, Democrat printing co., state printers.
  7. Estabrook, Charles E. (1912). Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of the State of Wisconsin For the Years 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864 (PDF). Madison, Wisconsin: Democrat Printing Co. pp. 46–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2021.
  8. Aubery, Cullen B. (2010). Echoes from the marches of the famous Iron Brigade: unwritten stories of that famous organization. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society. p. 50.
  9. Dawes, Rufus R. (Rufus Robinson) (1890). Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. Robert W. Woodruff Library Emory University. Marietta, O. : E.R. Alderman & Sons. p. 11.

Further reading