6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment | |
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Active | July 16, 1861 –July 2, 1865 |
Country | United States |
Allegiance | Union |
Branch | Infantry |
Size | Regiment |
Nickname(s) | "The Calico" or "Calico Boys" |
Engagements | American Civil War |
Commanders | |
Colonel | Lysander Cutler |
Colonel | Edward S. Bragg |
Colonel | Rufus Dawes |
Colonel | John Azor Kellogg |
Insignia | |
I Corps badge (1st Division) | ![]() |
Wisconsin U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865 | ||||
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The 6th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment was a volunteer infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Throughout the war, it was part of the brigade that came to be known as the Iron Brigade in the Army of the Potomac. They were engaged in most of the critical battles of the eastern theater of the war, including Antietam, Gettysburg, and Grant's Overland Campaign.
The 6th Wisconsin was raised at Mauston, Wisconsin, and mustered into Federal service July 16, 1861, for a term of three years. After arriving in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., they were organized into a brigade with the 2nd Wisconsin, 7th Wisconsin, and 19th Indiana regiments, designated the 4th brigade, 1st division, III Corps, in the Army of Virginia.
They received their baptism by fire in the 1862 Northern Virginia Campaign, fighting at Brawner's Farm (Gainesville) in the waning hours of August 28, 1862, losing 72 men killed or wounded. It was during that battle, their brigade was given the nickname the "Iron Brigade".
After the devastating defeat at Second Bull Run, III Corps was transferred back into the Army of the Potomac and redesignated as I Corps. In the subsequent Maryland Campaign, the 6th Wisconsin would assault Turners Gap at the Battle of South Mountain, losing 90 men; three days later they would be heavily engaged again at the Battle of Antietam, resulting in another 152 casualties, including their then-commander, Colonel Edward Bragg, who was wounded in the first barrage.
The 6th Wisconsin would not see any major action at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but would partake in the assault at Fitzhugh's Crossing, April 29, 1863, part of the maneuvering for the Battle of Chancellorsville. Colonel Bragg would be wounded again at Chancellorsville, leaving command of the regiment to Lieutenant Colonel Rufus Dawes. After Chancellorsville, the Iron Brigade was redesignated as the 1st brigade, 1st division, I Corps.
The 6th Wisconsin's next major engagement would be at the crossroads town of Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Their brigade was one of the first to engage the enemy at Gettysburg, advancing to Herbst's Woods in the morning, but the 6th Wisconsin would initially be held in reserve on Seminary Ridge. After the collapse of Lysander Cutler's brigade, The 6th Wisconsin would be ordered to attack an exposed Confederate brigade under the command of Joseph R. Davis. The 6th would form up on the Chambersburg Pike behind a fence, and—aided by the 14th Brooklyn and the 95th New York — would assault the Confederates, who had entrenched themselves in an unfinished railroad cut. [1] The following is quoted from Lieutenant Colonel Rufus Dawes in his postwar memoirs Service with the 6th Wisconsin. [2] "I first mistook the strange maneuver for a retreat, but was undeceived by the deadly fire, which they at once began to pour from their cover in the cut." Dawes noted that he lost ten men carrying the colors, and nearly half of all available officers. Upon reaching the railroad cut the 6th Wisconsin engaged in melee with the Confederates, capturing numerous prisoners and the battle flag of the 2nd Mississippi. The regiment would hold their position in the railroad cut, until ordered to retreat with the rest of the 1st Corps. On July 2nd the Iron Brigade would entrench on Culps' Hill south of Gettysburg. The 6th Wisconsin would suffer a total of 168 casualties at Gettysburg. [3]
After Gettysburg, the brigade would be briefly joined by the 167th Pennsylvania, who, convinced that their enlistments had expired, refused to march. As a result, the brigade was ordered to shoot the unruly Pennsylvanians, who quickly went into line, with little to no doubt in their mind that the hardened veterans of the Iron Brigade would not hesitate to shoot them, the 6th was ordered to march behind the 167th at bayonet point, with orders to shoot anyone who fell out of line.
The Iron Brigade would see service in the Overland Campaign of 1864. During the Battle of The Wilderness the 6th Wisconsin, along with the rest of the Iron Brigade, assaulted Confederate lines on May 5. Total losses for the 6th Wisconsin during the Overland Campaign would add up to 140. The regiment would continue to see considerable service till the end of the war.
The regiment participated in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 23, 1865, and then mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, on July 2, 1865.
The 6th Wisconsin Infantry initially mustered 1,029 men and later recruited an additional 601 men, for a total of 1,630 men. [4] The regiment lost 16 officers and 228 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 1 officer and 112 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 357 fatalities. [5]
Company | Original Moniker | Primary Place of Recruitment | Captain(s) |
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A | Sauk County Riflemen | Sauk County and Sheboygan County | Adam Gale Malloy (promoted) David K. Noyes (wounded) Lewis A. Kent (mustered out) |
B | Prescott Guards | Pierce County and Still Water, Michigan | Daniel J. Dill (promoted) Rollin P. Converse (DOW) William W. Hutchins (KIA) Henry E. Smyser (mustered out) |
C | Prairie du Chien Volunteers | Crawford County and Grant County | Alexander Seymore Hooe (discharged) Thomas W. Plummer (wounded) Edward A. Whaley (mustered out) |
D | Montgomery Guards | Milwaukee County | John O'Rourke (resigned) John F. Marsh (wounded) Samuel Birdsall (resigned) Thomas Kerr (promoted) John R. Lammey (DOW) Henry C. Matraw (mustered out) |
E | Bragg's Rifles | Fond du lac County and the town of Appleton | Edward S. Bragg (promoted) Edwin A. Brown (KIA) Joseph H. Marston (resigned) Charles P. Hyatt (DOW) Henry T. Garfield (mustered out) |
F | Citizen's Corps, Milwaukee | Milwaukee County and Walworth County | William H. Lindwurn (discharged) Fred Schumacher (promoted) Werner Von Bachelle (KIA) Otto Schorse (resigned) Oscar Graetz (KIA) Henry Schildt (mustered out) |
G | Beloit Star Rifles | Rock County | Marshall Augustus Northrop (resigned) Philip W. Plummer (promoted) Lewis A. Kent (transferred to Co. A) John Timmons (KIA) Dennis B. Dailey (promoted) Henry Naegely (mustered out) |
H | Buffalo County Rifles | Buffalo County | John F. Hauser (promoted) Charles M. Ford (resigned) Albert T. Morgan (mustered out) |
I | Anderson Guards | Vernon County and Brown County | Leonard Johnson (resigned) John Azor Kellogg (promoted) Alexander Lowrie (mustered out) |
K | Lemonweir Minute Men | Juneau County and Waukesha County | Rufus R. Dawes (promoted) David L. Quaw (resigned) John Ticknor (KIA) William N. Remington (wounded) Andrew Gallop (mustered out) |
According to veteran of the 2nd Wisconsin, Cullen B. Aubery, the 6th Wisconsin's regimental nickname while part of the Iron Brigade was "The Calico", also called "The Calico Sixth" or the "Calico Boys". [8] This nickname, according to 6th Wisconsin veteran Rufus Dawes, the original commander of Company K, was derived from the mismatched uniforms first worn by the regiment when it was first mustered into service on July 16, 1861 at Camp Randall. [9]