845th Bombardment Squadron

845th Bombardment Squadron
845th Squadron B-24 Liberator [lower-alpha 1]
Active	1943-1945
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Heavy bomber
Engagements	European Theater of Operations
Insignia
Fuselage code [1]	T4

The 845th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 489th Bombardment Group. It was assigned to the 489th Bombardment Group, flying Consolidated B-24 Liberators. After training in the United States, it moved to England and engaged in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany until V-E Day. It returned to United States in 1945 and began training with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, but was inactivated at March Field, California on 17 October 1945.

History

Training in the United States

The 845th Bombardment Squadron was activated as a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber squadron on 1 October 1943 at Wendover Field, Utah, one of the four original squadrons of the 489th Bombardment Group. ^{[2] [3]} The squadron completed combat training and departed Wendover on 3 April 1944. ^[2] The air echelon flew to the United Kingdom via the southern ferry route along the northern coastline of South America and across the Atlantic to Africa before heading North to England. ^[4] The ground echelon sailed from Boston on board the USS Wakefield on 13 April 1944, reaching Liverpool on 21 April. ^[5] The squadron arrived at RAF Halesworth, England, in April 1944, where it became part of Eighth Air Force. ^[3]

Combat in Europe

The squadron entered combat on 30 May 1944 with an attack on Oldenburg, Germany. ^[5] It then concentrated on striking targets in France to prepare for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. The 845th supported the landings on 6 June 1944, and afterward bombed coastal defenses, airfields, bridges, railroads, and V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket launch sites (Operation Crossbow) in the campaign for France. It participated in the saturation bombing of German lines just before Operation Cobra, the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July.

The 845th began flying strategic bombing missions to Germany in July, and engaged primarily in bombing strategic targets such as factories, oil refineries and storage areas, marshalling yards, and airfields in Ludwigshafen, Magdeburg, Brunswick, Saarbrücken, and other cities until November 1944. ^[3] The squadron dropped food to liberated French and to Allied forces in France during August and September, and carried food and ammunition to the Netherlands later in September. ^[3] For these missions, a loadmaster from IX Troop Carrier Command directed the drops from the bombers. ^[6] On other missions, squadron aircraft flew into Orleans/Bricy Airfield to deliver supplies. ^[7]

Redeployment for the Pacific

The squadron was part of the first group in Eighth Air Force selected for redeployment to the Pacific theater and became non-operational on 14 November 1944, with most of its B-24s assigned to other groups in England. It was relieved of assignment in the European Theater on 29 November 1944, and returned to the United States. ^{[4] [5]}

The 845th Squadron returned to Bradley Field Connecticut at the end of December 1944, where most returning personnel were reassigned to other units ^[4] while the squadron moved to Lincoln Army Air Field, Nebraska. At Lincoln it again became part of Second Air Force. On 22 January 1945, the squadron's personnel were informed that previous plans for refresher training had been cancelled and instead the squadron and its associated 369th Air Service Group were retrained as Boeing B-29 Superfortress combat and support units. However Second Air Force did not receive redesignation orders for the group until 17 March, until which time they were compelled to maintain duplicate rosters and tables of organization, one for a heavy bombardment group of four squadrons, and one for a very heavy bombardment group of three squadrons. The readiness date for the group air echelon was set back from 1 March to 1 August 1945.^{[ citation needed ]} The squadron moved to Great Bend Army Air Field, Kansas in mid-February to re-equip with the B-29, ^[4] and was redesignated the 845th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy in March. ^[3]

The group was alerted for movement overseas in the summer of 1945, but with the Japanese surrender, the squadron was inactivated on 17 October 1945. ^[3]

Lineage

• Constituted 845th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 14 September 1943

Activated on 1 October 1943

Redesignated 845th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 17 March 1945

Inactivated on 17 October 1945 ^[2]

Assignments

• 489th Bombardment Group, 1 October 1943 – 17 October 1945 ^[2]

Stations

Wendover Field, Utah, 1 October 1943 – 3 April 1944 RAF Halesworth (AAF 365), [8] England, c. 22 April–November 1944 Bradley Field, Connecticut, 13 December 1944 Lincoln Army Air Field, Nebraska, 17 December 1944 Great Bend Army Air Field, Kansas 23 February 1945

Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 3 April 1945 Fairmont Army Air Field, Nebraska 25 July 1945 Fort Lawton, Washington 23 August 1945 March Field, California 2 September–17 October 1945 [9]

Aircraft

• Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943-1944
• Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1945 ^[2]

Campaigns

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Air Offensive, Europe	c. 22 April 1943-5 June 1944	845th Bombardment Squadron [2]
	Normandy	6 June 1944-24 July 1944	845th Bombardment Squadron [2]
	Northern France	25 July 1944-14 September 1944	845th Bombardment Squadron [2]
	Rhineland	15 September 1944-November 1944	845th Bombardment Squadron [2]

See also

• B-24 Liberator units of the United States Army Air Forces
• List of B-29 Superfortress operators

References

Notes

1. Aircraft is Ford Motors built Consolidated B-24H-15-FO Liberator, serial 42-94759, The Sharon D.

Citations

1. Watkins, p. 114
2. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 779
3. Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 358–359
4. Freeman, p. 261
5. Freudenthal, Charles H. "498th Bomb Group Museum:History of the 489th Bomb Group". 489th-bomb-group-museum.org. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
6. Freeman, p. 175
7. Freeman, p. 172
8. Station number in Anderson, p. 25.
9. Station information in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 779, except as noted.

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL yes: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
• Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN   978-0-87938-638-2.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979 . Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN   0-912799-02-1. LCCN   61060979.
• Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN   0-7643-1987-6.