Arthur Andersen was an American accounting firm based in Chicago that provided auditing, tax advising, consulting and other professional services to large corporations. By 2001, it had become one of the world's largest multinational corporations and was one of the "Big Five" accounting firms. The firm collapsed by mid-2002, as details of its questionable accounting practices for energy company Enron and telecommunications company Worldcom were revealed amid the two high-profile bankruptcies. The scandals were a factor in the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The Big Four are the four largest professional services networks in the world, the global accounting networks Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY), KPMG, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). The four are often grouped because they are comparable in size relative to the rest of the market, both in terms of revenue and workforce; they are considered equal in their ability to provide a wide scope of professional services to their clients; and, among those looking to start a career in professional services, particularly accounting, they are considered equally attractive networks to work in, because of the frequency with which these firms engage with Fortune 500 companies.
PricewaterhouseCoopers is an international professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG.
Punjab National Bank is an Indian public sector bank based in New Delhi. The bank was founded in May 1894 and is the third largest public sector bank in India in terms of its business volumes and second largest in terms of its network. The bank has over 180 million customers, 12,248 branches, and 13,000+ ATMs.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, commonly referred to as Deloitte, is an international professional services network headquartered in London, England. Deloitte is the largest professional services network by revenue and number of professionals in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms along with EY, KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC).
Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad, was a Pakistani politician who served as the third governor-general of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity in 1951 until being dismissed in 1955 due to health conditions.
Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, best known as I. I. Chundrigar, was a Pakistani politician who served as the sixth prime minister of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity on 17 October 1957. He resigned due to a vote of no confidence on 11 December 1957, against him.
Exult Inc. was a company headquartered in Irvine, California that provided business services related to Human Resources (HR) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO).
James Alexander Murray was a British zoologist, taxidermist, and museum curator in Karachi. He published several books including one on the edible birds of India and founded the Victoria Natural History Institute at Bombay but went bankrupt, was imprisoned, and died in obscurity.
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan is a professional accountancy body in Pakistan. As of 2022, it has over 8,000 members working in and outside Pakistan. The institute was established on July 1, 1961 to regulate the profession of accountancy in Pakistan. It is a statutory autonomous body established under the Chartered Accountants Ordinance, 1961. With the significant growth in the profession, the CA Ordinance and By-Laws were revised in 1983.
Germany–Pakistan relations are the bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The two states established diplomatic relations in the 1950s, with a focus on social, educational and economic development. Germany has an embassy in Pakistan, specifically in Islamabad and has consulates-generals in Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta; Pakistan is represented through an embassy in Berlin and a consulate-general in Hamburg. Despite strong co-operation and historical ties, the two nations have experienced growing tensions, primarily due to disagreements and differing policies regarding the War in Afghanistan, including as the post-2014 drawdown and 2021 withdrawal of United States-led coalition troops. Germany remains one of Pakistan's largest trading partners.
The Satyam Computer Services scandal was India's largest corporate fraud until 2010. The founder and directors of India-based outsourcing company Satyam Computer Services, falsified the accounts, inflated the share price, and stole large sums from the company. Much of this was invested in property. The swindle was discovered in late 2008 when the Hyderabad property market collapsed, leaving a trail back to Satyam. The scandal was brought to light in 2009 when chairman Byrraju Ramalinga Raju confessed that the company's accounts had been falsified.
Tajiks in Pakistan are residents of Pakistan who are of Tajik ancestry. The Tajiks are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
An accounting network or accounting association is a professional services network whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the clients around the world and hence reduce the uncertainty by bringing together a greater number of resources to work on a problem. The networks and associations operate independently of the independent members. The largest accounting networks are known as the Big Four.
The convergence of accounting standards refers to the goal of establishing a single set of accounting standards that will be used internationally. Convergence in some form has been taking place for several decades, and efforts today include projects that aim to reduce the differences between accounting standards.
Kithinji Kiragu, is a certified public accountant from Kenya. He holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Strathclyde, UK and Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Nairobi, Kenya.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.
Syed Mohammad Shabbar Zaidi is a Pakistani chartered accountant who served as the 26th Chairman of Federal Board of Revenue from May 2019 till April 2020. Previously, he served as a provincial Minister in the Government of Sindh during the 2013 caretaker setup. He was the territory partner of PwC Pakistan.
Mashwani (also Mishwani, Meshwani, or Moshwani) is Arab origin tribe mainly settled in different parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan, in addition to some other neighboring regions. They are Afghans by adoption and Arabs by descent. They use Mashwani, Banuri, Ludin, Kazmi, Roghani, Jafari as their surnames. Mashwanis played a vital role in fighting against Sikh Khalsa army.
