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Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and ended the Iranian monarchy.
The Iranian Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution, was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution also led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic government of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy.
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the supreme law of Iran. It was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906. It has been amended once, on 28 July 1989. The constitution was originally made up of 175 articles in twelve chapters, but amended in 1989 to 177 article in fourteen chapters.
A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era.
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, also called Sepah or Pasdaran, is a multi-service primary branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. It was officially established by Ruhollah Khomeini as a military branch in May 1979, in the aftermath of the Islamic Revolution. Whereas the Iranian Army protects the country's sovereignty in a traditional capacity, the IRGC's constitutional mandate is to ensure the integrity of the Islamic Republic. Most interpretations of this mandate assert that it entrusts the IRGC with preventing foreign interference in Iran, thwarting coups by the traditional military, and crushing "deviant movements" that harm the ideological legacy of the Islamic Revolution. Currently, the IRGC is designated as a terrorist organization by Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Sweden and the United States.
Islamic Revolutionary Court is a special system of courts in the Islamic Republic of Iran designed to try those suspected of crimes such as smuggling, blaspheming, inciting violence or trying to overthrow the Islamic government. The court started its work after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
The Iranian Armed Forces, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, are the combined military forces of Iran, comprising the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (Artesh), the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah) and the Law Enforcement Force (Faraja).
The Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics is the defence ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran and part of the country's executive branch. It thus reports to the President of Iran, not to the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces.
The Rank insignia of the Iranian military are the ranks used by the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces (IRIAF). The armed forces are split into the Islamic Republic of Iran Army and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The ranks used by the Law Enforcement Forces share a similar structure to the military.
Konarak is a city in, and the capital of, the Central District of Konarak County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, and also serves as capital of the county.
The Supreme Leader of Iran ), also referred to as Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, but officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority, is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The armed forces, judiciary, state television, and other key government organisations such as the Guardian Council and Expediency Discernment Council are subject to the Supreme Leader. According to the constitution, the Supreme Leader delineates the general policies of the Islamic Republic, supervising the legislature, the judiciary, and the executive branches. The current lifetime officeholder, Ali Khamenei, has issued decrees and made the final decisions on the economy, the environment, foreign policy, education, national planning, and other aspects of governance in Iran. Khamenei also makes the final decisions on the amount of transparency in elections, and has dismissed and reinstated presidential cabinet appointees. The Supreme Leader is legally considered "inviolable", with Iranians being routinely punished for questioning or insulting him.
Shahid Rajai Garrison is a village and military installation in Bala Darband Rural District of the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran.
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army, acronymed AJA, simply known as the Iranian Army or the Artesh, is the conventional military of Iran and part of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces. It is tasked to protect the territorial integrity of the country from external and internal threats and to project power.
Joint Staff of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, formerly called General Staff, was the chief of staff of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps with an aim to coordinate its military branches; and responsible for organization, support, and supervision of all executive affairs within the military. The office was originally created in late 1984 General Provost of IRGC was a subdivision to the Joint Staff.
General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the most senior military body in Iran, to implement policy, monitor and coordinate activities within the Armed Forces.
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, known simply as Nezam, is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the Iranian Revolution and fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.
Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces awards and decorations are the collections of military awards which granted to Iranian military based on their performance history. One of the most common awards are Medals. The Medal is a symbol that, with the agreement of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces, is accorded to the armed forces in order to appreciate, encourage and strengthen the morale. Recipients will be allowed to install these medals on their identical clothing in accordance with the specific instructions of each medal. Before the Islamic Revolution, various military awards and decorations were used. After the revolution, while many signs of the Imperial era were obsolete, new titles were planned to design to thank the efforts of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Among the military honors created by the Persian Empire, medals of Zolfaghar, Knowledge, Razi, Art and Sports are still being used. The first presentation ceremony of military awards for Iranian commanders in Iran was held on September 27, 1989, on the day of Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh.
Sedjil is an Iranian semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile. It is made by the Self-Sufficiency Jihad Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force and is actually a modified version of the surface-to-air MIM-23 HAWK. The Sedjil weighs approximately 500 kg, its length is 5 meters and its diameter is about 40 cm. The effective range of the missile is approximately 90 km. Its speed is estimated to be about 4-5 mach.
References
- 1 2 Nikola B. Schahgaldian, Gina Barkhordarian (March 1987), The Iranian Military Under the Islamic Republic (PDF), RAND, p. 113, ISBN 0-8330-0777-7 , retrieved 15 January 2017
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