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Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits. There are many debates about its precise definition, for example, about which aims it tries to achieve. A further issue is whether part of the meaning of education is that the change in the student is an improvement. Some researchers stress the role of critical thinking to distinguish education from indoctrination. These disagreements affect how to identify, measure, and improve forms of education. The term can also refer to the mental states and qualities of educated people. Additionally, it can mean the academic field studying education.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to education:
Media literacy is an expanded conceptualization of literacy that includes the ability to access and analyze media messages as well as create, reflect and take action, using the power of information and communication to make a difference in the world. Media literacy is not restricted to one medium and is understood as a set of competencies that are essential for work, life, and citizenship. Media literacy education is the process used to advance media literacy competencies, and it is intended to promote awareness of media influence and create an active stance towards both consuming and creating media. Media literacy education is part of the curriculum in the United States and some European Union countries, and an interdisciplinary global community of media scholars and educators engages in knowledge and scholarly and professional journals and national membership associations.
Early childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children from birth up to the age of eight. Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade. ECE is described as an important period in child development.
Education in Mexico has a long history. Indigenous peoples created institutions such as the telpochcalli and the calmecac. The Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, the second oldest university in the Americas, was founded by royal decree in 1551. Education in Mexico was, until the early twentieth century, largely confined to males from urban and wealthy segments and under the auspices of the Catholic Church.
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.
International education refers to a dynamic concept that involves a journey or movement of people, minds, or ideas across political and cultural frontiers. It is facilitated by the globalization phenomenon, which increasingly erases the constraints of geography on economic, social, and cultural arrangements. The concept involves a broad range of learning, for example, formal education and informal learning. It could also involve a reorientation of academic outlook such as the pursuit of "worldmindedness" as a goal so that a school or its academic focus is considered international. For example, the National Association of State Universities prescribes the adoption of "proper education" that reflects the full range of international, social, political, cultural, and economic dialogue. International educators are responsible for "designing, managing, and facilitating programs and activities that help participants to appropriately, effectively, and ethically engage in interactions with culturally diverse people and ideas."
The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education. In 2021, 171 states were parties to the Covenant.
Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education. The local authorities take responsibility for implementing state-controlled policy regarding public education and state schools. The education system is divided into Kindergarten, Primary education, Secondary education, and Tertiary education. Nigeria's federal government has been dominated by instability since declaring independence from Britain, and as a result, a unified set of education policies is yet to be successfully implemented. Regional differences in quality, curriculum, and funding characterize the education system in Nigeria. Currently, Nigeria possesses the largest population of out-of-school learning youths in the world. The educational systems in Nigeria are divided into two the public where the student only pays for PTA while the private where students pay school fees and some other fees like sports, exam fees, computer fees etc. and they are costly
Education in Peru is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, which oversees formulating, implementing and supervising the national educational policy. According to the Constitution of Peru, education is compulsory and free in public schools for the initial, primary and secondary levels. It is also free in public universities for students who are unable to pay tuition and have an adequate academic performance.
The World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES) is an international organization of comparative education societies created in 1970 in Ottawa, Canada. It is organized as an NGO in operational relations with UNESCO. The current president is N‘Dri Thérèse Assié-Lumumba.
John Wilfred Meyer is a sociologist and emeritus professor at Stanford University. Beginning in the 1970s and continuing to the present day, Meyer has contributed fundamental ideas to the field of sociology, especially in the areas of education, organizations, and global and transnational sociology. He is best known for the development of the neo-institutional perspective on globalization, known as world society or World Polity Theory. In 2015, he became the recipient of American Sociological Association's highest honor - W.E.B. Du Bois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award.
The International Bureau of Education (IBE-UNESCO) is a UNESCO category 1 institute mandated as the Centre of Excellence in curriculum and related matters. Consistent with the declaration of the decision of the 36th session of the General Conference and to ensure a higher effectiveness and a sharper focus, the IBE has defined the scope of its work as pertaining to: curriculum, learning, teaching, and assessment. The IBE-UNESCO provides tailored technical support and expertise to all UNESCO Member States facilitating the provision and delivery of equitable, inclusive, high-quality education within the framework of Education 2030 Agenda.
Global citizenship education (GCED) is a form of civic learning that involves students' active participation in projects that address global issues of a social, political, economic, or environmental nature. The two main elements of GCE are 'global consciousness'; the moral or ethical aspect of global issues, and 'global competencies', or skills meant to enable learners to participate in changing and developing the world. The promotion of GCE was a response by governments and NGOs to the emergence of supranational institution, regional economic blocs, and the development of information and communications technologies. These have all resulted in the emergence of a more globally oriented and collaborative approach to education. GCE addresses themes such as peace and human rights, intercultural understanding, citizenship education, respect for diversity and tolerance, and inclusiveness.
Curricula in early childhood care and education (ECCE) address the role and importance of curricula in the education of young children, and is the driving force behind any ECCE programme. It is ‘an integral part of the engine that, together with the energy and motivation of staff, provides the momentum that makes programmes live’. It follows therefore that the quality of a programme is greatly influenced by the quality of its curriculum. In early childhood, these may be programmes for children or parents, including health and nutrition interventions and prenatal programmes, as well as centre-based programmes for children.
Rosamund Sutherland was a British mathematics educator. She was a professor emeritus at the University of Bristol, and the former head of the school of education at Bristol.
Sustainable Development Goal 4 is about quality education and is among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in September 2015. The full title of SDG 4 is "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all".
David F. Labaree is a historian of education and Lee L. Jacks Professor of Education at Stanford University.
The learning crisis or global learning crisis is a term describing the fact that, despite a large increase in access to schooling, learning outcomes remain poor, especially in developing countries. Worldwide, millions of children who attend school do not acquire basic skills such as literacy and numeracy, and many more are far behind age-appropriate expectations in their national curricula. Proponents argue that this crisis needs to be addressed due to the importance of education in fostering children's development, social mobility, and subsequent opportunities.
References
- 1 2 "Aaron Benavot's UNESCO Profile".
- ↑ "Faculty Member at Hebrew University of Jerusalem".
- ↑ "Member Advisory Board at the Revista Latinoamericana de Educación Comparada". Archived from the original on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2016-09-09.
- ↑ "Member Advisory Board at the Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies".
- ↑ "Member Advisory Board at the Revista de Educación".
- ↑ "Member Advisory Board at the Innovation-The European Journal of Social Science Research".
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron (1983). "The rise and decline of vocational education". Sociology of Education. 56 (2): 63–76. doi:10.2307/2112655. JSTOR 2112655. S2CID 55318600.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron; Riddle, Phyllis (1988). "The expansion of primary education 1870-1940". Sociology of Education. 61 (3): 191–210. doi:10.2307/2112627. JSTOR 2112627.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron (1989). "Education, gender, and economic development". Sociology of Education. 62 (1): 14–32. doi:10.2307/2112821. JSTOR 2112821.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron; Cha, Yun-Kyung; Kamens, David; Meyer, John W.; Wong, Suk-Ying (1991). "Knowledge for the masses". American Sociological Review. 56 (1): 85–100. doi:10.2307/2095675. JSTOR 2095675.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron (1992). "Curricular content, educational expansion and economic growth" (PDF). Comparative Education Review. 36 (2): 150–174. doi:10.1086/447097. JSTOR 1188589. S2CID 143881373.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron (1995-11-30). "Education and political democratization". Comparative Education Review. 40 (4): 377–403. doi:10.1086/447400. S2CID 144916348.
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron; Gad, Limor (2004). "Actual instructional time in African primary schools". Prospects. 34 (3): 291–310. doi:10.1007/s11125-004-5309-7. S2CID 143814553.
- ↑ "Global educational expansion".
- ↑ "The growth of national learning assessments in the world, 1995-2006" (PDF).
- ↑ School knowledge in comparative and historical perspective. CERC Studies in Comparative Education. Springer. 2007. ISBN 9781402057359.
- ↑ "The organization of school knowledge".
- ↑ Benavot, Aaron (September 2011). "Imagining a transformed UNESCO with learning at its core". International Journal of Educational Development. 31 (5): 558–561. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.11.013.
- ↑ "Primary school curricula in Reading and Mathematics in developing countries" (PDF).
- ↑ "PISA, power, and policy".
