The Egyptian Armed Forces are the military forces of the Arab Republic of Egypt. They consist of the Egyptian Navy,Egyptian Air Force and Egyptian Air Defense Forces. Previously,there was a separate command for the Egyptian Land Forces on March 25,1964,but it was officially abolished after the Six-Day War of 1967,so that the command of the land formations returned directly to the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces,and the ground formations were divided to the forces east of the canal,under whose command the two armies and the military regions,in contrast to the rest of the forces,bodies,departments,and auxiliary agencies.
Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.
Muhammad Hussein Tantawi Soliman was an Egyptian field marshal and politician. He was the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces and,as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces,was the de facto head of state from the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011 until the inauguration of Mohamed Morsi as president of Egypt on 30 June 2012.
The Egyptian Air Defence Forces (EADF) is the Anti-aircraft warfare branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. It is responsible for protecting the Egyptian airspace against any hostile air attacks. The EADF was established in accordance with the presidential decree issued on 1 February 1968,which established the Air Defence Forces as the fourth branch,next to the Navy,Egyptian Ground Forces,and Egyptian Air Force. From 1938 onwards air defence forces had been part of the artillery and under the operation command of the Air Force. Egypt has a modern system of air defence armament,which is divided between anti-aircraft missiles long,medium and short-range anti-aircraft artillery systems and early warning radars. Both Western and Soviet bloc countries have supplied equipment.
Air Marshal Ahmed Mohamed Shafik Zaki is an Egyptian politician and former presidential candidate. He was a senior commander in the Egyptian Air Force and later served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 29 January 2011 to 3 March 2011 under Hosni Mubarak.
Alaa Ahmed Seif Abd-El Fattah,known professionally as Alaa Abd El-Fattah,is an Egyptian-British blogger,software developer and a political activist. He has been active in developing Arabic-language versions of software and platforms.
Omar Mahmoud Suleiman was an Egyptian army general,politician,diplomat,and intelligence officer. A leading figure in Egypt's intelligence system beginning in 1986,Suleiman was appointed to the long-vacant vice presidency by President Hosni Mubarak on 29 January 2011. On 11 February 2011,Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation and ceased being vice president;governing power was transferred to the Armed Forces Supreme Council,of which Suleiman was not a member. A new head of intelligence services was appointed by the ruling Supreme Council. Suleiman withdrew from the political scene and did not appear in public after announcing Mubarak's resignation.
Namir Noor-Eldeen was an Iraqi war photographer for Reuters. Noor-Eldeen,his assistant,Saeed Chmagh,as well as eight others were fired upon by U.S. military forces in the New Baghdad district of Baghdad,Iraq,during an airstrike on July 12,2007.
On July 12,2007,a series of air-to-ground attacks were conducted by a team of two U.S. AH-64 Apache helicopters in Al-Amin al-Thaniyah,New Baghdad,during the Iraqi insurgency which followed the invasion of Iraq. On April 5,2010,the attacks received worldwide coverage and controversy following the release of 39 minutes of classified gunsight footage by WikiLeaks. The video,which WikiLeaks titled Collateral Murder,showed the crew firing on a group of people and killing several of them,including two Reuters journalists,and then laughing at some of the casualties,all of whom were civilians. An anonymous U.S. military official confirmed the authenticity of the footage,which provoked global discussion on the legality and morality of the attacks.
Saeed Chmagh was an Iraqi employed by Reuters news agency as a driver and camera assistant. He was killed,along with his colleague Namir Noor-Eldeen,by American military forces in the New Baghdad district of Baghdad,Iraq,during an airstrike on July 12,2007.
The 2011 Egyptian revolution,also known as the 25 January Revolution,began on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police holiday" as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Hosni Mubarak's presidency. It consisted of demonstrations,marches,occupations of plazas,non-violent civil resistance,acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured. Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country.
Lieutenant General Sami Hafez Anan is a retired Egyptian military officer. He was the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces from 2005 until August 2012 when his retirement was announced by President Mohamed Morsi. In January 2018,he announced himself as a candidate in the 2018 Egyptian presidential election,though he was arrested and later released.
Vice Admiral Mohab Mamish was the chairman of the Suez Canal Authority. He was the Commander of the Egyptian Navy from 27 September 2007 until August 2012. He was also a member of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces which de facto governed Egypt after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces is a statutory body of between 20 and 25 senior officers of the Egyptian Armed Forces,and is headed by Field Marshal Abdel Fattah еl-Sisi and Lieutenant General Abdel Mageed Saqr. The council is convened only in cases of war or great internal emergencies.
Human rights in the post-Mubarak transition have been the subject of concern and controversy since the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) Arabic:المجلسالأعلىللقواتالمسلحة,al-Maǧlis al-ʾAʿlālil-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah in particular have been the focus of concerns about human rights violations. The SCAF,which consists of a body of 20 senior officers in the Egyptian military,was handed the power to govern Egypt after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak on 11 February 2011 as a consequence of the revolution.
Mona Seif is an Egyptian human rights activist known for her participation in dissident movements during and after the 2011 Egyptian revolution,for her creative use of social media in campaigns,and for her work to end military trials for civilian protesters. She is a biology graduate student,investigating the BRCA1 breast cancer gene.
Abdul Meniem Al-Toras is the former Commander of the Egyptian Air Defense Command. He graduated from the Air Defense college in 1972,and saw action in the Yom Kippur War. He is the first commander-in-chief of the Egyptian Air Defense Forces who graduated from the Air Defense College and was commissioned in the Air Defense Forces as a separated military branch. All previous commanders-in-chief were graduates of the Army academy and were commissioned in Army units,in fact many of them were commissioned in non-AD units like Armour,Artillery,Infantry,and Signals. He held most of the notable commands in the Egyptian Air Defense. On 14 August 2012 President Mohamed Morsi Appointed him as the new Commander in Chief of the Egyptian Air Defence command after he dismissed Lt. General Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen. He is a member of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces,which was reorganized in September 2012.
The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt,launched by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces,which also included attacks on civilians. The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis,during which the longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
The following is a chronological summary of the major events that occurred after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011,after Mohamed Morsi's election as the fifth President of Egypt,on 30 June 2012. This article documents the third wave of the Egyptian Crisis.
Ahmed Seif El-Islam was an Egyptian communist,human rights activist and lawyer. He was the father of the social activists Alaa Abd El-Fattah,Sanaa Seif and Mona Seif. His was married to social activist and professor Laila Soueif,who is also the sister of novelist Ahdaf Soueif.
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