Related Research Articles
Nineveh Governorate,also known as Ninawa Governorate,is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul,which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976,it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate. The second largest city is Tal Afar,which has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
Fallujah is a city in the Iraqi province of Al Anbar,located roughly 69 kilometers (43 mi) west of Baghdad on the Euphrates. Fallujah dates from Babylonian times and was host to important Jewish academies for many centuries.
Al Anbar Governorate,or Anbar Province,is the largest governorate in Iraq by area. Encompassing much of the country's western territory,it shares borders with Syria,Jordan,and Saudi Arabia. The population is mostly Sunni Muslims. The provincial capital is Ramadi;other important cities include Fallujah and Al-Qa'im.
Anbar Salvation Council is a collection of tribal militias in the Al Anbar province of Iraq,formed by former Ba'athists and nationalists to fight al-Qaeda in Iraq and other associated terrorist groups. In Arabic the council is known as Sahawa Al Anbar,abbreviated SAA when referred to by the US Army. The council has become a model for awakening movements across Iraq,though the Iraqi Defense Ministry has said that it plans to disband the Awakening groups due to concerns about their origins and future intent.
Sheikh Faisal Raikan al-Gut al-Nimrawi,also known as Fasal al Gaood,was a Governor of Anbar,Iraq and an important Iraqi Sunni Muslim ally of the United States. He served as interim governor of the province from July 2004 to January 2005.
Al-Qaeda in Iraq or Al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia,officially known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn or TQJBR ،هوالعراقوالإسلامالسنيوالجهاديةالتنظيمaffiliated with al-Qaeda,for two years.
The Anbar campaign consisted of fighting between the United States military,together with Iraqi Government forces,and Sunni insurgents in the western Iraqi governorate of Al Anbar. The Iraq War lasted from 2003 to 2011,but the majority of the fighting and counterinsurgency campaign in Anbar took place between April 2004 and September 2007. Although the fighting initially featured heavy urban warfare primarily between insurgents and U.S. Marines,insurgents in later years focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with improvised explosive devices (IEDs),large scale attacks on combat outposts,and car bombings. Almost 9,000 Iraqis and 1,335 Americans were killed in the campaign,many in the Euphrates River Valley and the Sunni Triangle around the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi.
Mohammad Mahdi Salih Al-Rawi is an Iraqi politician who was Trade Minister in the government of President Saddam Hussein. He was the Minister of Finance from 1989 to 1991.
Operation al-Shabah was launched in May 2013 by the Iraqi Army,with the stated aim of severing contact between the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the al-Nusra Front in Syria by clearing militants from the border area with Syria and Jordan.
The Al Anbar governorate election of 2013 was held on 20 June 2013 alongside elections for Nineveh.
The Islamic State of Iraq,commonly referred to as al-Qaeda in Iraq,is a militant Salafist jihadist group that aimed to establish an Islamic state in Sunni,Arab-majority areas of Iraq during the Iraq War and later in Syria during the Syrian Civil War.
Raja Nawaf Farhan al-Mahalawi was the Governor of Iraq's Al Anbar province,serving from January 2005 until his death in May 2005.
Beginning in December 2012,Sunnis in Iraq protested against the Maliki government. On 28 December 2013,a Sunni MP named Ahmed al-Alwani was arrested in a raid on his home in Ramadi. Alwani was a prominent supporter of the anti-government protests. This incident led to violence in Al Anbar Governorate between the Iraqi Army and a loose alliance of tribal militias and other groups fighting alongside the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
The Battle of Ramadi,also called the Fall of Ramadi,was part of an ISIL offensive to capture all of the Anbar Province. Ramadi was one of the Iraqi government's last strongholds in Anbar,after ISIL's success in a previous campaign. The battle began in November 2014,and drew to a close on 14 May 2015,as Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) insurgents seized hold of government buildings. On 17 May,the Iraqi Army and special forces fled the city,with 500 civilians and security personnel dead.
The Al-Karmah offensive,codenamed Fajr al-Karma,was an offensive launched by the Iraqi Army and anti-ISIL Sunni tribal fighters to recapture the Al-Karmah district taken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq. The offensive began on 14 April 2015. During the offensive the anti-ISIL forces captured part of the city of Al-Karmah,and the old road of Al-Karmah.
In early 2014,the jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant captured extensive territory in Western Iraq in the Anbar campaign,while counter-offensives against it were mounted in Syria. Raqqa in Syria became its headquarters. The Wall Street Journal estimated that eight million people lived under its control in the two countries.
The Battle of Hit,code named Operation Desert Lynx by Iraqi forces,was an offensive launched by the Iraqi Government during the Anbar offensive,with the goal of recapturing the town of Hīt and the Hīt District from ISIL. After the Iraqi forces recaptured the city of Ramadi,Hīt and Fallujah were the only cities still under the control of ISIL in the Al Anbar Governorate. Iraqi Forces fully recaptured of Hīt and the rest of the Hīt District on 14 April 2016.
The 2017 Western Iraq campaign was the final major military operation of the 2013–2017 war in Iraq,in the western province of Anbar,and on the border with Syria,with the goal of completely expelling ISIL forces from their last strongholds in Iraq.
The Western Anbar offensive (2017) was a military operation by the Iraqi Army against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant,in the western districts of the Province of Anbar and on the border with Syria.
The Islamic State insurgency in Iraq is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (ISIS) lost its territorial control in the War in Iraq. ISIS and allied White Flags fought the Iraqi military and allied paramilitary forces.
References
- ↑ وفاة-أول-محافظ-للانبار-ب (in Arabic)
- ↑ "Fierce Fighting Escalates In Iraq". Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty. 31 August 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- 1 2 Perry, Mark (2010). Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies . Basic Books. p. 225. ISBN 9780465011179.
- 1 2 Kimberly Johnson (27 June 2006). "Governor not backing off in violent Anbar". USA Today. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ↑ "Governor of Iraqi province seized". Al Jazeera. 11 May 2005. Retrieved 31 August 2013.