Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي
Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke ; عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي
2nd President of Somalia
	In office; June 10, 1967 [1] –October 15, 1969 [1]
Prime Minister	Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
Preceded by	Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
Succeeded by	Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein
3rd Prime Minister of Somalia
	In office; 12 July 1960 –14 June 1964
Preceded by	Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
Succeeded by	Abdirizak Haji Hussein
Personal details
Born	June 8, 1919 [2] ; Harardhere, Mudug
Died	October 15, 1969 (aged 50) [3] ; Las Anod, Somalia
Nationality	Somali
Political party	Somali Youth League (SYL)
Alma mater	Sapienza University of Rome
Signature

Last updated March 05, 2019

Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (Somali : Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, Arabic : عبد الرشيد علي شارماركي‎) (June 8, 1919^[2]^[4]^[5] – October 15, 1969), also known as Abdirashid Shermarke^[6], was Prime Minister of Somalia from July 12, 1960, to June 14, 1964, and President of Somalia from June 10, 1967, until his assassination on October 15, 1969.^[1] He was the father of Somali Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.

Somali is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. It is spoken as a mother tongue by Somalis in Greater Somalia and the Somali diaspora. Somali is an official language of Somalia, a national language in Djibouti, and a working language in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It is used as an adoptive language by a few neighboring ethnic minority groups and individuals. The Somali language is written officially with the Latin alphabet.

Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية‎, translit. Jumhūrīyah aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fīdirālīyah.

The President of Somalia is the head of state of Somalia. The President is also commander-in-chief of the Somali Armed Forces. The President represents the Federal Republic of Somalia, and the unity of the Somali nation, as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Somalia and the organized and harmonious functioning of the organs of state. The office of President of Somalia was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Somalia on 1 July 1960. The first President of Somalia was Aden Abdullah Osman Daar. The current office-holder is the 9th President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed ‘Farmaajo’, since 16 February 2017.

Early years

Sharmarke was born in 1919 in the town of Harardhere in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.^[2]^[7] His father hailed from the Majeerteen Osman Mohamoud clan and his mother from the Habar Gidir (Sacaad Siciid) clan.^[8]

Harardhere, is a historic town in the Mudug province of Somalia. It is situated in the autonomous Galmudug state and serves as the capital of the Harardhere District. Harardhere's name comes from tall trees called "Xarar", the name means "The place with the tall Xarar or Harar trees".

Mudug is an administrative region (gobol) in north-central Somalia.

The Habar Gidir are a Somali clan that is part of the Hawiye and the even larger Samaale clan. It is one of the major sub-clans of the Hawiye and Somali clans in general.The clan has produced many prominent Somali figures including the first Prime Minister of Somalia and Somalia's fifth President.

Raised in Mogadishu by his mother, Sharmarke attended Qur'anic schools and completed his elementary education in 1936. He then embarked on a career as a trader and later as a civil servant in the Italian colonial administration.

Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. Located in the coastal Banadir region on the Somali Sea, the city has served as an important port for millennia. As of 2017, it had a population of 2,425,000 residents. Mogadishu is the nearest foreign mainland city to Seychelles, at a distance of only 835 mi (1,344 km) over the Somali Sea.

In 1943, the year of its inauguration, Sharmarke joined the incipient Somali Youth League political party. He entered the British administration's civil service the following year.

The Somali Youth League (SYL), initially known as the Somali Youth Club (SYC), was the first political party in Somalia. It played a key role in the nation's road to independence during the 1950s and 1960s.

While still a civil servant, Sharmarke completed his secondary education in 1953. He earned a scholarship to study at the Sapienza University of Rome, where he obtained a BA in Political Science.^[9] In 1960, his son, Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, who would later become Prime Minister of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, was born.

The Sapienza University of Rome, also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, is a collegiate research university located in Rome, Italy. Formally known as Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", it is one of the largest European universities by enrollments and one of the oldest in history, founded in 1303. The University is one of the most prestigious Italian universities, commonly ranking first in national rankings and in Southern Europe.

A bachelor is a man who is socially regarded as able to marry, but has not yet. It is also the title of anyone of any gender or marital status who holds a bachelor's degree.

Political career

After returning from his studies abroad in Italy in 1959, Sharmarke was elected to the Legislative Assembly.

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km² (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe.

When Somalia gained its independence on July 1, 1960, he was appointed by then-incumbent President Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as Prime Minister. Sharmarke's duties as Prime Minister saw him travel abroad extensively in pursuit of a non-aligned and neutral foreign policy. He remained Prime Minister until March 1964, when the first general elections were held and which saw him re-elected as a member of Parliament.

In the 1967 presidential elections, Sharmarke beat out Daar to become the second President of Somalia. He was sworn into office on June 10, 1967.

Assassination

In 1968, Sharmarke narrowly escaped an assassination attempt. A grenade exploded near the car that was transporting him back from the airport, but failed to kill him.^[3]

On October 15, 1969, while paying an official visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Sharmarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards.^[3]^[10] On duty outside the guest-house where the president was staying, the officer fired an automatic rifle at close range, instantly killing Sharmarke. Observers suggested that the assassination was inspired by personal rather than political motives.^[3]

Sharmarke's assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on October 21, 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition — essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Muhammad Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army.

Notes

1 2 3 Somalia - Worldstatesmen.com
1 2 3 Rulers.org profile - Abdirashid Ali Shermarke
1 2 3 4 Colin Legum, John Drysdale, Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents, Volume 2, (Africa Research Limited., 1970), p.B-174.
↑ Encyclopaedia Hispano-Americana, supplement 1969-1970, p.289.
↑ Arab Observer, Issues 185-197, (University of California: 1964), p.32.
↑ Farley, Benjamin R. "Calling a state a state: Somaliland and international recognition." Emory Int'l L. Rev. 24 (2010): 777.
↑ In commemoration of the late Somali President Abdirashid Ali sharmarke
↑ Samatar, Said (1991). Somalia. MRG. p. 17. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
↑ Europa Publications Limited, p.970.
↑ Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290.

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References

Europa Publications Limited (1970). The Middle East and North Africa, Volume 17. Europa Publications.

Political offices
Preceded by Aden Abdullah Osman Daar	President of Somalia 1967–1969	Succeeded by Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein
Preceded by Abdullahi Issa	Prime Minister of Somalia 1960-1964	Succeeded by Abdirizak Haji Hussein

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[Wstmn-1] 1 2 3 Somalia - Worldstatesmen.com

[Rulers-2] 1 2 3 Rulers.org profile - Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

[LegumDrysdale-3] 1 2 3 4 Colin Legum, John Drysdale, Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents, Volume 2, (Africa Research Limited., 1970), p.B-174.

[4] Encyclopaedia Hispano-Americana, supplement 1969-1970, p.289.

[5] Arab Observer, Issues 185-197, (University of California: 1964), p.32.

[6] Farley, Benjamin R. "Calling a state a state: Somaliland and international recognition." Emory Int'l L. Rev. 24 (2010): 777.

[7] In commemoration of the late Somali President Abdirashid Ali sharmarke

[Msss-8] Samatar, Said (1991). Somalia. MRG. p. 17. Retrieved 10 June 2014.

[EPL-9] Europa Publications Limited, p.970.

[Myswenvwp-10] Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290.