Reoviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists and fungi. They lack lipid envelopes and package their segmented genome within multi-layered capsids. Lack of a lipid envelope has allowed three-dimensional structures of these large complex viruses to be obtained, revealing a structural and likely evolutionary relationship to the cystovirus family of bacteriophage. There are currently 97 species in this family, divided among 15 genera in two subfamilies. Reoviruses can affect the gastrointestinal system and respiratory tract. The name "reo-" is an acronym for "respiratory enteric orphan" viruses. The term "orphan virus" refers to the fact that some of these viruses have been observed not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the family Reoviridae have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.
Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family Picornaviridae.
Aphidicolin is a tetracyclic diterpene antibiotic isolated from the fungus, Cephalosporum aphidicola with antiviral and antimitotic properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. It blocks the cell cycle at early S phase. It is a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase Alpha and Delta in eukaryotic cells and in some viruses and an apoptosis inducer in HeLa cells. Natural aphidicolin is a secondary metabolite of the fungus Nigrospora oryzae.
Orthoreovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Reoviridae, in the subfamily Spinareovirinae. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are ten species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include mild upper respiratory tract disease, gastroenteritis, and biliary atresia. Mammalian orthoreovirus 3 induces cell death preferentially in transformed cells and therefore displays inherent oncolytic properties.
The golden shiner virus is an aquatic virus that infects a bait fish known as the golden shiner and to a lesser extent, aquatic animals like crustaceans and molluscs. About 6 virus species have been identified in this genus since the late 1970s. It causes death through a hemorrhagic shock. Symptoms include bleeding from the back eyes and the head. The virus is 70 nm in diameter and replicates best at 20-30 degrees Celsius. The virus has properties similar to those of the pancreatic necrosis virus. This could mean that golden shiners are more susceptible in the summer.
Avian orthoreovirus, also known as avian reovirus, is an orthoreovirus from the Reoviridae family. Infection causes arthritis and tenosynovitis in poultry. It can also cause respiratory disease.
Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, often called Nelson Bay virus (NBV) is a novel double-stranded RNA orthoreovirus species first isolated from a flying fox near Nelson Bay in New South Wales, Australia.
Melaka virus(MELV) is a bat-borne virus. It was first isolated in a human in Melaka, Malaysia in 2006. A bat reservoir was suspected because traceback analysis revealed that the patient had been exposed to a bat prior to the onset of infection. Melaka virus causes a non-fatal respiratory tract illness in humans.
The 63U-11 virus (63UV) is a strain of Marituba virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus.
The Abadina virus (ABAV) is a serotype of Palyam virus in the genus Orbivirus belonging to the Palyam serogroup. It was considered a distinct species of virus until 1984. The Abadina virus was first detected in 1967 from Culicoides.
The Above Maiden virus (ABMV) is a serotype of Great Island virus in the genus Orbivirus. It should not be confused with Maiden virus (MDNV) which is a different strain of Great Island virus.
Abu Hammad orthonairovirus, also called Abu Hammad virus (AHV), is a species of virus in the genus Orthonairovirus. It was isolated from a tick, Argas hermanni, in Egypt. This virus doesn't cause disease in humans.
The Acado virus (ACDV) is a serotype of Corriparta virus in the genus Orbivirus in the Corriparta serogroup. Isolated from Culex antennatus and C. univittatus neavi in Ethiopia. Not reported to cause disease in humans.
Acciptrid herpesvirus 1 (AcHV-1) is an unaccepted species of virus suggested to belong to the order Herpesvirales and family Herpesviridae. It was isolated from a bald eagle.
Anhembi orthobunyavirus, also called Anhembi virus (AMBV), is a species of virus. It was initially considered a strain of Wyeomyia virus, belonging serologically to the Bunyamwera serogroup of bunyaviruses. In 2018 it was made its own species. It was isolated from the rodent - Proechimys iheringi - and a mosquito - Phoniomyia pilicauda - in São Paulo, Brazil.
Agua Preta virus is an unaccepted species of virus, suggested to belong to the order Herpesvirales and family Herpesviridae, as determined by thin-section electron microscopy. It was isolated from the gray short-tailed bat, Carollia subrufa, in the Utinga Forest near Belém, Brazil.
Duck atadenovirus A is a species of hemagglutinating adenovirus implicated in egg drop syndrome.
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is a double-stranded RNA virus. It is a part of the family Reoviridae, as well as the subfamily Spinareovirinae. As seen in the name, the Mammalian Ortheoreovirus infects numerous mammalian species and vertebrates which serve as natural hosts. Some diseases that occur as a result of this virus or are associated with this virus include mild upper respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal illness. Examples of these are: upper respiratory tract syndromes, gastroenteritis, biliary atresia, obstructive hydrocephalus, jaundice, alopecia, conjunctivitis, and ‘oily hair’ associated with steatorrhea.
Mobala mammarenavirus is a species of virus in the genus Mammarenavirus. It was isolated from a species of Praomys rodents in the Central African Republic.
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a species in the genus Orthoreovirus that infects fish exclusively, PRV was first discovered in 2010 in farmed Atlantic salmon exhibiting Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) and has been found present at higher concentration in fish with various diseases. These diseases include HSMI, jaundice syndrome, proliferative darkening syndrome and erythrocytic body inclusion syndrome. PRV is thought to mainly affect aquacultured and maricultured fish stocks, and recent research has been focused around the susceptibility of wild stock. However, whether PRV is virulent with respect to HSMI remains a topic of debate. PRV has been in the public eye mostly due to a potential linkage to farmed Atlantic Salmon exhibiting HSMI. Public concern has been raised regarding the possibility of open ocean-net farms transmitting PRV to wild salmon populations and being a factor in declining populations. PRV has not been confirmed to be pathogenic in wild salmon stocks.
