Abortive flower

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Abortion in flowers and developing fruits is a common occurrence in plants. [1]

Contents

An abortive flower [2] is one that possesses stamens but has an underdeveloped or absent pistil, preventing it from developing into fruit. [3] This phenomenon can occur naturally due to developmental, genetic, or environmental factors. Abortive flowers are often sterile or non-functional in reproduction, though they may still play ecological roles.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants typically requires both male (stamens) and female (pistils) organs, though many species produce unisexual flowers or rely on cross-pollination. When the pistil fails to develop properly, pollination cannot lead to fertilization, resulting in reproductive failure and fruit abortion. Studies have also shown that hermaphroditic or bisexual flowers tend to exhibit higher rates of fruit abortion compared to unisexual flowers, possibly due to resource allocation conflicts or selective fertilization pressures. [4] [5]

Illustrative examples include species affected by Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae , a gall-forming wasp that causes extensive floral abortion in invasive Australian wattles.

Galls of Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae Galls of Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) 9798.jpg
Galls of Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae

Causes of fruit & flower abortion

Flower abortion may occur due to one or more of the following causes:

Notable examples of abortion in plants

Several plant species or associated organisms exhibit noteworthy patterns of flower or fruit abortion:

See also

References

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  2. Smith, Arma Anna (1896). "Abortive Flower Buds of Trillium". Botanical Gazette. 22 (5): 402–403. doi:10.1086/327429.
  3. "Websters Dictionary 1828 - Webster's Dictionary 1828 - Abortive". Websters Dictionary 1828. Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  4. Burd, Martin (1998). ""Excess" Flower Production and Selective Fruit Abortion: A Model of Potential Benefits" . Ecology. 79 (6): 2123–2132. doi:10.2307/176715. ISSN   0012-9658. JSTOR   176715.
  5. Sutherland, Steve (1987). "Why Hermaphroditic Plants Produce Many More Flowers Than Fruits: Experimental Tests with Agave mckelveyana" . Evolution. 41 (4): 750–759. doi:10.2307/2408885. ISSN   0014-3820. JSTOR   2408885.
  6. Stephenson, A. G. (1981-11-01). "Flower and Fruit Abortion: Proximate Causes and Ultimate Functions" . Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 12 (1): 253–279. Bibcode:1981AnRES..12..253S. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.001345. ISSN   1543-592X.
  7. Obeso, José Ramón (2002). "The costs of reproduction in plants" . New Phytologist. 155 (3): 321–348. Bibcode:2002NewPh.155..321O. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00477.x. ISSN   1469-8137. PMID   33873312.
  8. Yasuhiro, I.; Toshitsugu, N. (2015-06-11). "Development and regulation of pedicel abscission in tomato". Frontiers in Plant Science. 6 (442): 442. Bibcode:2015FrPS....6..442I. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00442 . ISSN   1664-462X. PMC   4462994 . PMID   26124769.
  9. Zinn, K. E.; Tunc-Ozdemir, M.; Harper, J. F. (2010-03-29). "Temperature stress and plant sexual reproduction: uncovering the weakest links". Journal of Experimental Botany. 61 (7): 1959–1968. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq103. PMC   2882263 . PMID   20421194.
  10. Van Klinken, Rieks Dekker; Edwards, Owain Rhys (2002). "Is host-specificity of weed biological control agents likely to evolve rapidly following establishment?" . Ecology Letters. 5 (4): 590–596. Bibcode:2002EcolL...5..590V. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00343.x. ISSN   1461-0248.
  11. Delph, Lynda F. (1999), Geber, Monica A.; Dawson, Todd E.; Delph, Lynda F. (eds.), "Sexual Dimorphism in Life History" , Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 149–173, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03908-3_6, ISBN   978-3-662-03908-3 , retrieved 2025-06-04
  12. Philip, C.; Lord, T. (2016). Cubey, J. (ed.). RHS Plant Finder 2016 . Internet Archive (30th ed.). London: Royal Horticultural Society. pp. 1–956. ISBN   978-1-907057-66-3.
  13. Hemadri, K.; Sasibhushan, S. (October 1982). "URGINEA NAGARJUNAE HEMADRI ET SWAHARI A NEW SPECIES OF ULIACEAE FROM INDIA (A NEW PLANT DISCOVERY)" (PDF). Ancient Science of Life. 2 (2): 105–110. PMC   3336716 . PMID   22556964 . Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  14. Dennill, G. B.; Donnelly, D. (1991-10-01). "Biological control of Acacia longifolia and related weed species (Fabaceae) in South Africa" . Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 37 (1): 115–135. Bibcode:1991AgEE...37..115D. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90142-K. ISSN   0167-8809 . Retrieved 2025-06-04.
  15. Barrett, Spencer C. H. (2002-04-01). "The evolution of plant sexual diversity" . Nature Reviews Genetics. 3 (4): 274–284. doi:10.1038/nrg776. ISSN   1471-0064. PMID   11967552 . Retrieved 2025-06-04.