Abraham ben Solomon Conat (flourished at Mantua in the second half of the 15th century) was an Italian Jewish printer, Talmudist, and physician.
He obtained the title of ḥaber (associate of a rabbi) for his learning, but displayed it chiefly in the choice of works selected by him for printing, which art he and his wife Estellina expressly learned. He embarked upon the business of printing at Mantua in 1476, and became celebrated as one of the earliest printers of Hebrew books in Europe, producing the third to the tenth of Hebrew incunabula as recorded by Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi.
In 1475 he established a printing-office at Mantua, from which he issued:
All these books were printed between 1476 and 1480, when the business was suspended on account of the rivalry of Abraham ben Ḥayyim at Ferrara.
Abraham Conat was proud of his work; he used to accompany his name in the colophons by the words "Who writes with many pens without the help of miracles, for the spread of the Torah in Israel." He was especially delighted that four pages could be printed at one time on a large sheet, and that he could produce two thousand pages every day. His type was of such a shape that his editions are often taken for manuscripts.
Ein Yaakov is a 16th-century compilation of all the Aggadic material in the Talmud together with commentaries. Its introduction contains an account of the history of Talmudic censorship and the term Gemara. It was compiled by Jacob ibn Habib and by his son Levi ibn Habib.
Moses de León, known in Hebrew as Moshe ben Shem-Tov, was a Spanish rabbi and Kabbalist who first publicized the Zohar. Modern scholars believe the Zohar is his own work, despite his claim that he took traditions going back to Shimon bar Yochai and committed them to writing. His other works include Sefer ha-Rimon, written in Hebrew, and hundreds of pseudepigraphic responsa, commentaries, and Kabbalistic tracts which he falsely attributed to earlier authorities.
Rabbi Isaac Tyrnau was an Austrian rabbi, born in the late 14th century and active in the 15th century; he is most famous for his Sefer haMinhagim.
Josippon is a chronicle of Jewish history from Adam to the age of Titus. It is named after its supposed author, Flavius Josephus, though it was actually composed in the 10th century in Southern Italy. The Ethiopic version of Josippon is recognized as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw was an author of halakhic works and younger brother of Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw. He lived at Rome and received his Talmudic training not only in Rome but also in Germany where he was the pupil of Jacob of Würzburg and possibly also of Abigdor Cohen of Vienna.
Levi ibn Habib, also known by the acronym HaRaLBaCh, was Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem from 1525 until his death.
Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon was a Spanish Talmudist and kabbalist.
Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran, known as Rashbatz (רשב"ץ) or Tashbatz, was a prominent Jewish scholar, rabbinic authority, and polemicist. He was proficient in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, natural sciences, astronomy, and medicine. Born in Medieval Spain, he fled with his family to Algeria in the aftermath of the 1391 pogroms that devastated the Jewish community of Spain. In 1408, he became the rabbinic leader of Algerian Jewry, earning widespread recognition for his legal rulings in Spain, North Africa, France, and Italy.
Samuel ben Hayyim Vital was a Kabalist born in Damascus in the latter half of the sixteenth century. While still young he married a daughter of Isaiah Pinto, rabbi of Damascus. Poverty compelled him to emigrate to Egypt, where, through the influence of prominent men, he was placed in charge of the cabalistic society Tiḳḳune ha-Teshubah. After a brief residence there he went to Safed, where he instructed the physician Jacob Zemah in Kabala. In the middle of the 17th century he returned to Egypt, where he died.
Moses ben Mordecai Zacuto, also known by the Hebrew acronym RaMa"Z, was a rabbi, Kabbalist, and poet. Zacuto, who was born into a Portuguese Marrano family in Amsterdam, studied Jewish subjects under Saul Levi Morteira. He also studied secular subjects, such as the Latin language. As a pupil of Morteira, he may also have been, as a youth still in Amsterdam, a fellow student of Baruch Spinoza.
Jedidiah Solomon ben Abraham Norzi (1560–1626) was a Rabbi and exegete, best known for his work Minchat Shai.
Abraham Yagel was an Italian Jewish catechist, philosopher, and cabalist. He lived successively at Luzzara, Venice, Ferrara, and Sassuolo.
Jacob Judah Leon Templo was a Jewish Dutch scholar, translator of the Psalms, and expert on heraldry, of Sephardic descent.
Samson Morpurgo ben Joshua Moses was an Italian rabbi, physician, and liturgist.
Jacob ben Hayyim ben Isaac ibn Adonijah or Jacob ben Chayyim, was a scholar of the Masoretic (𝕸) textual notes on the Hebrew Bible, exegete and printer. Born in Tunis and thus sometimes called al-Tunisi in Arabic, he left his native country to escape the persecutions that broke out there at the beginning of the sixteenth century. After residing in Rome and Florence, he settled in Venice, where he was engaged as corrector of the Hebrew press of Daniel Bomberg. Later in life he converted to Catholicism.
Jewish printers were quick to take advantages of the printing press in publishing the Hebrew Bible. While for synagogue services written scrolls were used, the printing press was very soon called into service to provide copies of the Hebrew Bible for private use. All the editions published before the Complutensian Polyglot were edited by Jews; but afterwards, and because of the increased interest excited in the Bible by the Reformation, the work was taken up by Christian scholars and printers; and the editions published by Jews after this time were largely influenced by these Christian publications. It is not possible in the present article to enumerate all the editions, whole or partial, of the Hebrew text. This account is devoted mainly to the incunabula.
The Hebrew incunabula are a group of Hebrew books, papmphlets or broadside printed before the year 1501.
Hayyim ben David Schwartz was an early Hebrew printer, typographer, and editor, known as the first Jewish printer of Hebrew books in Germany.
Abraham ben Moses Schedel was a Bohemian printer and corrector for the press.
Rabbi Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim was a French encyclopedist; champion of the liberal party in Provence in the struggle for the study of secular sciences; born at Villefranche-de-Conflent, Roussillon, between 1240 and 1250; died at or near Arles soon after 1315.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Jacobs, Joseph; Seligsohn, M. (1903). "Conat, Abraham ben Solomon". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . Vol. 4. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 203–204.