Abu Salih Mansur (died 915) was a Samanid prince, who served as governor during the reign of his uncle Isma'il ibn Ahmad, his cousin Ahmad Samani, and Nasr II.
Abu Salih governed several provinces during the reign of Isma'il ibn Ahmad and Ahmad Samani. The first time he is mentioned as a governor is in 902 when he was appointed as governor of Ray by Isma'il ibn Ahmad who had conquered territory as far as Qazvin in Iran. During his governorship of Ray, he became friends with Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, [1] a famous Persian scholar. In 910 or 911, he was appointed as governor of Sistan by Ahmad Samani. However, Abu Salih's oppressive taxation policies sparked a revolt in Sistan in 912, led by the Khariji Muhammad ibn Hurmuz, who was a supporter of the Saffarid Amr ibn Ya'qub. Abu Salih was taken prisoner until the rebellion was crushed by a Samanid army under Husain ibn 'Ali Marvarrudhi in 913. [1] 'Amr was sent to Samarkand, while the other rebel leaders were killed. Simjur al-Dawati then replaced Mansur as governor of Sistan.
In 914, Mansur was appointed governor of Khorasan, but anarchy was unleashed by the death of Ahmad ibn Ismail and the ascent to the throne of the 8-year-old child Nasr II. Mansur's father, Ishaq ibn Ahmad, revolted in Samarkand, while Mansur proclaimed himself as Emir of Nishapur, and several other cities. Mansur died a natural death in Nishapur probably in 915, before an army sent against him led by Hammuya ibn Ali reached the city. [2]
The Samanid Empire was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, ruled by a dynasty of Iranian dehqan origin. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana, at its greatest extent encompassing northeastern Iran and Central Asia, from 819 to 999.
Nuh II was amir of the Samanids (976–997). He was the son and successor of Mansur I.
Abd al-Malik I was amir of the Samanid Empire from 954 to 961. He was the son and successor of Nuh I. His reign was marked by internal strife, with the Turkic slave-soldiers increasing in power. He died after falling from his horse during a game of polo at Bukhara. He was succeeded by his brother Mansur I, who was put on the throne by a faction of ghulams led by the Turkic slave-commander, Fa'iq Khassa.
Nasr I was amir of the Samanids from 865 to 892. He was the son and successor of Ahmad ibn Asad.
Ahmad ibn Ismail was amir of the Samanids (907–914). He was the son of Ismail Samani. He was known as the "Martyred Amir".
Abu Salih Mansur, better known as Mansur I (منصور) was amir of the Samanids from 961 to 976. The son of Nuh I, his reign was characterized by weak rule and perpetual financial troubles. Mansur was notably the first Samanid ruler to the use title of King of Kings (Shahanshah), most likely as a response to his rival, the Buyid ruler Adud al-Dawla, who likewise used the title. He is also known by the sobriquet Amīr-i Sadid.
Abū Ibrāhīm Ismā'īl ibn-i Aḥmad-i Sāmāni, better known simply as Ismail-i Samani, and also known as Isma'il ibn-i Ahmad, was the Samanid amir of Transoxiana (892–907) and Khorasan (900–907). His reign saw the emergence of the Samanids as a powerful force. He was the son of Ahmad ibn-i Asad and a descendant of Saman Khuda, the eponymous ancestor of the Samanid dynasty who renounced Zoroastrianism and embraced Islam.
Nasr ibn Ahmad or Nasr II, nicknamed "the Fortunate", was the ruler (amir) of Transoxiana and Khurasan as the head of the Samanid dynasty from 914 to 943. His reign marked the high point of the Samanid dynasty's fortunes. He was the son of Ahmad ibn Isma’il.
Alp-Tegin, or Alptekin, was a Turkic slave commander of the Samanid Empire, who would later become the semi-independent governor of Ghazna from 962 until his death in 963.
Abu Hafs ‘Amr ibn Ya'qub ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Amr was the Saffarid amir of Sistan for slightly over a year (912–913). He was the son of Ya'qub, the brother of Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr.
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad was the amir of Sistan from 923 until his death in 963. He is responsible for restoring Saffarid rule over Sistan, and was a great patron of the arts.
Chaghaniyan, known as al-Saghaniyan in Arabic sources, was a medieval region and principality located on the right bank of the Oxus River, to the south of Samarkand.
Rāfi‘ ibn Harthama was an Abbasid mercenary soldier who in the turmoils of the late 9th century became ruler of Khurasan from 882 to 892.
The Mikalid family, also known as the Mikalis, was a prominent Iranian aristocratic family of Khorasan from the 9th century to the 11th century. They were descended from the pre-Islamic nobility of Samarkand.
Simjur al-Dawati was a 10th-century Turkic general who served the Samanids. He was the founder of the Simjurid family which would play an important role in the Samanid Empire.
Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami, also known as Bal'ami the Elder, was a Samanid statesman from the al-Bal'ami family, who served as the vizier of Nasr II from 922 to 938.
Ahmad ibn Farighun was the first Farighunid ruler of Guzgan (9th-century–10th-century). He was the son of a certain Farighun.
Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim was an Iranian aristocrat who served the Saffarids and later the Samanids. Kamgar or Kamkar were an Iranian family in the first centuries AH and one of the renowned aristocrat in the Khorasan region. The appellation of this family comes from and is attributed to Kamgar, the Marvi peasant, a class of land-owning magnates, and one of the sons of Yazdgerd III, the last Sassanid king. Some members of this family held positions in the administration system of Taherians, Saffarians and Samanids. A prominent figure of this family was Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim. His father and brothers were also secretaries and astronomers. Aside from their political-military role, this family played a crucial role in the preservation of Iranian science and culture by patronizing authors and scientists.
Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Razzaq ibn 'Abdallah ibn Farrukh, also simply known as Abu Mansur Muhammad and Ibn 'Abd al-Razzaq, was an Iranian aristocrat who served the Samanids for most of his career, and briefly served as governor of Azerbaijan under the Buyids.
Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Jayhānī, or Abu Abdallah Jayhani, was the Persian vizier of the Samanid Empire from 914 to 922. His lost geographical work is an important source of 9th-century history of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. His son and grandson also served as viziers.