Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

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Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
Other namesAZOOR
Pronunciation
  • ah-cewt zoh-nahl ock-cohlt ow-tehr reh-tin-ah-puh-thee
Specialty Ophthalmology

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an inflammatory retinopathy in the category of white dot syndromes typified by acute loss of one or more zones of outer retinal function associated with photopsia, minimal funduscopic changes and abnormal electroretinography findings. [1] [2]

Contents

This retinal disease was first described by Gass in 1992. [3] Relatively little is known about the condition.

Risk factors

Caucasian females in their mid-thirties appear to be most susceptible but the disease may affect anyone regardless of age, sex or race. [3]

Pathophysiology

The disease mechanism is unknown but it is believed that it may be caused by a virus [3] , or an auto immune response.

Related Research Articles

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Electroretinography

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Progressive outer retinal necrosis Medical condition

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Cotton wool spots

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Bascom Palmer Eye Institute is the University of Miami School of Medicine's ophthalmic care, research, and education center. The institute is based in the Health District of Miami, Florida, and has been ranked consistently as the best eye hospital and vision research center in the nation.

Michael Abramoff American researcher and businessman

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Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare disease in which the patient's immune system attacks proteins in the retina, leading to loss of eyesight. The disease is poorly understood, but may be the result of cancer or cancer chemotherapy. The disease is an autoimmune condition characterized by vision loss, blind spots, and visual field abnormalities. It can be divided into cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) and melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR). The condition is associated with retinal degeneration caused by autoimmune antibodies recognizing retinal proteins as antigens and targeting them. AIR's prevalence is extremely rare, with CAR being more common than MAR. It is more commonly diagnosed in females in the age range of 50–60.

John Donald MacIntyre Gass was a Canadian-American ophthalmologist, one of the world's leading specialists on diseases of the retina. He was the first to describe many macular diseases.

Indocyanine green angiography

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is a diagnostic procedure used to examine choroidal blood flow and associated pathology. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water soluble cyanine dye which shows fluorescence in near-infrared range, with peak spectral absorption of 800-810 nm in blood. The near infrared light used in ICGA penetrates ocular pigments such as melanin and xanthophyll, as well as exudates and thin layers of sub-retinal vessels. Age-related macular degeneration is the third main cause of blindness worldwide, and it is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Indocyanine green angiography is widely used to study choroidal neovascularization in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. In nonexudative AMD, ICGA is used in classification of drusen and associated subretinal deposits.

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References

  1. Quillen DA, Davis JB, Gottlieb JL, Blodi BA, Callanan DG, Chang TS, et al. The white dot syndromes. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 2004;137(3):538-50.
  2. Carrasco L, Ramos M, Galisteo R, Pisa D, Fresno M, Gonzalez ME. Isolation of Candida famata from a Patient with Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(2):635-40.
  3. 1 2 3 "AZOOR". American Academy of Ophthalmology.Hugo R. Salcedo, MD, Koushik Tripathy, MD (AIIMS), FRCS (Glasgow) and Vinay A. Shah M.D.