Adam Brook

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Adam Brook is an American thoracic surgeon who is a surgical attending at St. Joseph's Medical Center in New York. [1]

Contents

Biography

Dr. Brook received the A.B. degree in biology from Harvard University and the M.D. from Harvard Medical School. [2] [3] He also received the Ph.D. in genetics from the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. [4] Brook completed his doctoral research in the laboratory of Professor Nicholas Dyson of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. Brook subsequently completed thoracic surgical training at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and then served as Specialist Registrar in Cardiothoracic Surgery at Barts Health NHS Trust in London, under Mr. Alan Wood. [5] Brook is currently an attending thoracic surgeon at St. Joseph's Medical Center and the Northport Veterans Administration Medical Center in New York.

Academic work

Dr. Brook is a specialist in the treatment of lung cancer. [6] His research has focused on molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and on the connections between the cell cycle and development. Brook showed that the cell cycle transcription factor E2F was required to activate differentiation in mammalian [7] and Drosophila post-mitotic cells. [8]

Dr. Brook has also conducted epidemiologic research demonstrating the causative inter-relationships between cigarette smoking, pulmonary disease and poverty. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cell cycle</span> Series of events and stages that result in cell division

The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the growth of the cell, duplication of its DNA and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cardiothoracic surgery</span> Medical specialty involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thorax

Cardiothoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thoracic cavity — generally treatment of conditions of the heart, lungs, and other pleural or mediastinal structures.

E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as repressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC consensus binding site in the target promoter sequence.

Endoreduplication is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of mitosis, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy. Endoreduplication can be understood simply as a variant form of the mitotic cell cycle (G1-S-G2-M) in which mitosis is circumvented entirely, due to modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. Examples of endoreduplication characterised in arthropod, mammalian, and plant species suggest that it is a universal developmental mechanism responsible for the differentiation and morphogenesis of cell types that fulfill an array of biological functions. While endoreduplication is often limited to specific cell types in animals, it is considerably more widespread in plants, such that polyploidy can be detected in the majority of plant tissues. Polyploidy and aneuploidy are common phenomena in cancer cells. Given that oncogenesis and endoreduplication likely involve subversion of common cell cycle regulatory mechanisms, a thorough understanding of endoreduplication may provide important insights for cancer biology.

Walter Randolph "Ranny" Chitwood Jr. is known for his work as a cardiothoracic surgeon at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University located in Greenville, North Carolina.

Cyclin A is a member of the cyclin family, a group of proteins that function in regulating progression through the cell cycle. The stages that a cell passes through that culminate in its division and replication are collectively known as the cell cycle Since the successful division and replication of a cell is essential for its survival, the cell cycle is tightly regulated by several components to ensure the efficient and error-free progression through the cell cycle. One such regulatory component is cyclin A which plays a role in the regulation of two different cell cycle stages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E2F1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transcription factor E2F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E2F3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transcription factor E2F3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E2F2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transcription factor E2F2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the E2F2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyclin A2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cyclin-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA2 gene. It is one of the two types of cyclin A: cyclin A1 is expressed during meiosis and embryogenesis while cyclin A2 is expressed in the mitotic division of somatic cells.

David H. Adams is an American cardiac surgeon and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Professor and Chairman of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Dr. Adams is a recognized leader in the field of heart valve surgery and mitral valve reconstruction. As director of Mount Sinai Mitral Valve Repair Center, he has set national benchmarks with >99% degenerative mitral valve repair rates, while running one of the largest valve repair programs in the United States. Dr. Adams is the co-inventor of 2 mitral valve annuloplasty repair rings – the Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams IMR ETlogix Ring and the Carpentier-Edwards Physio II Annuloplasty Ring, and is a senior consultant with royalty agreements with Edwards Lifesciences. He is also the inventor of the Tri-Ad Adams Tricuspid Annuloplasty ring with a royalty agreement with Medtronic. He is a co-author with Professor Alain Carpentier of the benchmark textbook in mitral valve surgery Carpentier's Reconstructive Valve Surgery. He is also the National Co-Principal Investigator of the FDA pivotal trial of the Medtronic-CoreValve transcatheter aortic valve replacement device.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Retinoblastoma protein</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

The retinoblastoma protein is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers. One function of pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to divide. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, inactivating it, and the cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases.

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References

  1. "Finding a Board Certified Thoracic Surgeon". www.abts.org. American Board of Thoracic Surgery.
  2. Brook, Adam (1996). E2F is required for G1 S progression of proliferating cells and normal morphology and survival of post-mitotic, differentiating cells. Cambridge: Harvard University. pp. 1–57.
  3. "Adam Brook CTSNet". www.ctsnet.org. The Cardiothoracic Surgery Network.
  4. Brook, Adam (1998). E2F functions and pathways. Cambridge: Harvard University. pp. 1–124.
  5. "Adam Brook | LinkedIn". LinkedIn. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  6. "Adam Brook, M.D., Ph.D., Thoracic Surgeon". www.adambrook.com. Adam Brook, M.D., Ph.D.
  7. Brook, A; Xie, J; Du, W; Dyson, N (1996). "Requirements for dE2F function in proliferating cells and in post-mitotic differentiating mammalian cells". EMBO J. 15 (14): 3676–83. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00737.x. PMC   452016 . PMID   8670871.
  8. Boulton, S; Brook, A; Staehling-Hampton, K; Heitzler, P; Dyson, N (2000). "A role for Ebi in neuronal cell cycle control". EMBO J. 19 (20): 5376–86. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.20.5376. PMC   314025 . PMID   11032805.
  9. Brook, A; Zhang, C (2013). "The role of personal attributes in the genesis and progression of lung disease and cigarette smoking". Am J Public Health. 103 (5): 931–7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300748. PMC   3530664 . PMID   22994182.