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Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Note that food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions.
An allergen is an otherwise harmless substance that triggers an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals by stimulating an immune response.
Anaphylaxis is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site. It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat closing due to swelling that can obstruct or stop breathing; severe tongue swelling that can also interfere with or stop breathing; shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, and medical shock. These symptoms typically start in minutes to hours and then increase very rapidly to life-threatening levels. Urgent medical treatment is required to prevent serious harm and death, even if the patient has used an epipen or has taken other medications in response, and even if symptoms appear to be improving.
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The symptoms of the allergic reaction may range from mild to severe. They may include itchiness, swelling of the tongue, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, trouble breathing, or low blood pressure. This typically occurs within minutes to several hours of exposure. When the symptoms are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis. A food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions, not due to an immune response.
Bamba is a snack made of peanut-butter-flavored puffed maize manufactured by the Osem corporation in Kiryat Gat, Israel. Bamba is one of the leading snack foods produced and sold in Israel. It was introduced in 1964. Bamba makes up 25% of the Israeli snack market.
Evelina London Children's Hospital is a specialist NHS hospital in London. It is administratively a part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and provides teaching hospital facilities for London South Bank University and King's College London School of Medicine. Formerly housed at Guy's Hospital in Southwark, it moved to a new building alongside St Thomas' Hospital in Lambeth on 31 October 2005.
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies and asthma. Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
A hypoallergenic dog breed is a dog breed that is purportedly more compatible with allergic people than are other breeds. However, prominent allergen researchers have determined that there is no basis to the claims that certain breeds are hypoallergenic and, while allergen levels vary among individual dogs, the breed is not a significant factor.
Peanut allergy is a type of food allergy to peanuts. It is different from tree nut allergies, because peanuts are legumes and not true nuts. Physical symptoms of allergic reaction can include itchiness, hives, swelling, eczema, sneezing, asthma attack, abdominal pain, drop in blood pressure, diarrhea, and cardiac arrest. Anaphylaxis may occur. Those with a history of asthma are more likely to be severely affected.
Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk. Symptoms may take hours to days to manifest, with symptoms including atopic dermatitis, inflammation of the esophagus, enteropathy involving the small intestine and proctocolitis involving the rectum and colon. However, rapid anaphylaxis is possible, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires treatment with epinephrine, among other measures.
A tree nut allergy is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from tree nuts and edible tree seeds causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms. Tree nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, filberts/hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pistachios, shea nuts and walnuts.
Enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), is a treatment for allergies developed in the 1960s by Dr. Leonard M. McEwen in the United Kingdom. EPD uses much lower doses of antigens than conventional desensitization treatment paired with the enzyme β-glucuronidase. EPD is approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of hay fever, food allergy and intolerance and environmental allergies.
Founded in 1943, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) is a professional medical membership organization of more than 7,000 allergists/immunologists and related professionals around the world with advanced training and experience in allergy, asthma and other immunologic diseases. The Academy is dedicated to the advancement of the knowledge and practice of allergy, asthma and immunology for optimal patient care.
Thomas Alexander Evelyn Platts-Mills, FRS son of British member of parliament and barrister John Platts-Mills, is a British allergy researcher and director of the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
Alfred William "Bill" Frankland MBE was a British allergist and immunologist whose achievements included the popularisation of the pollen count as a piece of weather-related information to the British public, speculation regarding the effects of overly sterile living environments, and the prediction of increased levels of allergy to penicillin. He continued to work for a number of years after turning 100.
DBV Technologies SA is a publicly owned French biopharmaceutical firm headquartered in Bagneux, France. DBV Technologies is known for developing "Viaskin" technology for administering allergens or antigens to intact skin while avoiding any transfer to the blood. Viaskin Peanut clinical development has received Fast Track designation from the US Food and Drug Administration.
Gail Ina Greenberg Shapiro was an American pediatric allergist based in Seattle. She was a faculty member at the University of Washington School of Medicine. In 2001, she became the first democratically elected president of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI).
Giorgio Walter Canonica is an Italian allergist, pulmonologist and professor of Respiratory Medicine at Humanitas University, Milan, Italy and Director Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Center at Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS-Milano Italy since December 2016. He is known for his research work related to innovative treatment strategies for allergic diseases which includes biological response modifier in form of targeted immunotherapy with primary emphasis on sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). He has served as Secretary General and President elect of World Allergy Organisation for six consecutive years and has served as president of the same organization during 2007–09. He is also the vice-president of INTERASMA.
Mimi Tang is an Australian immunologist allergist specialized in food oral immunotherapy, such as pairing exposure to peanut proteins with probiotics.
References
- 1 2 "Greenford schoolboy's cheese allergy death was 'unprecedented'". BBC News . 2019-05-03. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ↑ Benedictus, Leo (2011-05-03). "The inside track on hay fever". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ Fox, Adam (2010-11-26). "Children with allergies 'being let down'". BBC News . Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- 1 2 Purvis, Andrew (2012-12-15). "The Allergy Epidemic". The Times . Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- 1 2 3 "Doctor's research recognised by Cambridge University". Guys and St Thomas. 2013-01-22. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ "Dr Adam Fox's publications" (PDF). Evelina London Children's Hospital . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ Heffernan, Lisa (2019-10-08). "Ask a Top Paediatric Allergist: Professor Adam Fox". Top Doctors. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- 1 2 3 "Professor Adam Fox". Bupa . Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2021-02-01. "Professor Adam Fox". Bupa . Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ "A2 - organisational structure" (PDF). Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01. "A2 - organisational structure" (PDF). Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ "2019 clinical excellence awards: England – new awards". Government of the United Kingdom . 2020-02-04. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ "William Frankland Award". British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Archived from the original on 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ↑ Google Scholar Author page, Accessed Aug 9, 2021