In the United States an address confidentiality program allows survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking or other types of crime to be assigned a legal substitute address that is different from their actual residential address, in order to keep their location confidential. Program participants can receive mail at the substitute address and it will be forwarded for free, and are able to use the substitute address in government records. [1] In some states or jurisdictions, reproductive healthcare workers and employees of agencies that assist survivors of domestic violence or stalking are also eligible. [2] [3]
Survivors usually apply through a state's Secretary of State office, although some programs are run through other state agencies such as the Office of the Attorney General. Once a survivor is admitted to the program, they will receive an assigned PO box or other address that will legally substitute their residential address on public records, such as voting registration.
According to the National Network to End Domestic Violence,
Address Confidentiality Programs (ACP) and Confidential Voter Listings are programs administered by the state enabling victims of domestic violence (and sometime victims of sexual assault and/or stalking) to participate in the voting process without fear of being found by their abusers. ACPs generally provide a substitute address for all public records. Confidential Voter Listings only provide confidentiality on election-related public records.
| State (link to state site) | Voter Registration | Drivers License | School Registration | Other Services [note 1] | Phone/Contact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | yes | yes | yes | yes | 602-542-1653 [4] |
| Arkansas | no | yes | no | no | 501-682-7052 [5] |
| California | yes - by mail | yes | yes | yes | 877-322-5227 [6] |
| Colorado | yes | yes | yes | yes | 303-866-2208 [7] |
| Connecticut | yes | yes | yes | yes | multiple numbers depending on location [8] |
| Delaware | yes | yes | no info | no info | (800) 870-1790 [9] |
| Florida | yes - absentee | yes | no info | no info | (800) 226-6667 [5] |
| Idaho | yes | yes | yes | yes | (208) 332-2836 [10] |
| Illinois | yes - absentee | yes | yes | no info | (844) 916-0295 [11] |
| Indiana | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | (800) 321-1907 [12] |
| Iowa | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | (515) 725-7233 [13] |
| Kansas | yes | yes | yes | yes | (785) 296-3806 [5] |
| Kentucky | yes - absentee | no | no | no | (502) 564-3490 [5] |
| Louisiana | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | 800.825.3805 [14] |
| Maine | yes - absentee | no info | yes | yes | (207) 626-8400 |
| Maryland | yes | yes | yes | no info | 410-260-3875 [15] |
| Massachusetts | yes | yes | yes | no info | 1-866-SAFE-ADD [16] |
| Michigan | yes | yes | yes | yes | 313-456-0190 [17] |
| Minnesota | yes - by mail | separate application | yes | yes | (866) 723-3035 [5] |
| Mississippi | yes | yes | yes | no info | (800) 829-6766 [5] |
| Missouri | yes | yes | yes | yes | (866) 509-1409 [18] |
| Montana | yes | no info | no info | no info | 1-800-498-6455 [19] |
| Nebraska | yes - early voting | yes | yes | no info | (866) 227-6327 [20] |
| Nevada | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | 888-432-6189 [21] |
| New Hampshire | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | (603) 271-1240 [22] |
| New Jersey | yes [23] | no info | no info | no info | 1 (877) 218-9133 [24] |
| New Mexico | yes - absentee | no info | no info | no info | 1-800-477-3632 [25] |
| New York | yes | yes | yes | yes | (855) 350-4595 [26] |
| North Carolina | yes | yes | yes | yes | (919) 716-6785 [27] |
| Ohio | yes | yes | yes | yes | (614) 995-2255 [28] |
| Oklahoma | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | (866) 227-7784 [29] |
| Oregon | yes | yes | yes | yes | 503-373-1323 [30] |
| Pennsylvania | yes | yes | yes | yes | 1.800.563.6399 [31] |
| Rhode Island | yes | no | no | no | 1-877-218-9133 [32] |
| Texas | yes - by mail | yes | yes | yes | 1-888-832-2322 [33] |
| Utah | yes | yes | yes | yes | (801) 538-1600 |
| Vermont | yes - absentee | yes | yes | yes | 802-828-0586 [34] |
| Virginia | yes - limited confidentiality [35] | yes | yes | yes | 804-786-2071 [36] |
| Washington | yes | yes | yes | yes | (360) 753-2972 [37] |
| Washington, D.C. | yes | yes | yes | yes | (844) 443-5732 [38] |
| West Virginia | yes | yes | yes | yes | 1-866-767-8683 [39] |
| Wisconsin | yes - separate application [40] | yes | yes | yes | (608) 266-6613 [41] |
The rules implementing the Bank Secrecy Act require a financial institution to implement a Customer Identification Program that includes procedures that enable it to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its customers. The rules also require that a financial institution obtain a residential or business street address from each customer. Unfortunately, the substitute address under an Address Confidentiality Program does not meet the standards.
The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network issued a letter ruling to help the situation. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network regulations also allow: "If the individual customer does not have a residential or business street address, then the rules permit the individual customer to provide a "residential or business street address of next of kin or of another contact individual."
In FIN-2009-R003, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network found: "A customer who participates in a state-created ACP shall be treated as not having a residential or business street address and a secretary of state, or other state entity serving as a designated agent of the customer consistent with the terms of the ACP, will act as another contact individual for the purpose of complying with FinCEN's rules. Therefore, a financial institution should collect the street address of the ACP sponsoring agency for purposes of meeting its CIP address requirement."
On September 23, 2020, the Governor of California, Gavin Newsom signed executive order N-80-20 Archived 2020-12-15 at the Wayback Machine allowing local health officers and public health officials access to the state's Safe at Home program, due to their being "subject to threats and other harassment, including threats and harassment targeted at their places of residence, which threatens to chill the performance of their critical duties." [42]