Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder

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The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is a 22-channel scanning microwave radiometer for observation of the Earth's atmosphere and surface. It is the successor to the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on NOAA weather satellites. ATMS units have been flown on the Suomi NPP and on the Joint Polar Satellite System. [1] [2]

Contents

Applications

ATMS measurements are assimilated into numerical weather prediction models [3] [4] [5] and atmospheric profiles retrieved by the combination of ATMS and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder on the same satellites are useful for synoptic scale meteorology. [6] Also, ATMS continues the record from its predecessor instruments MSU and AMSU of measurements in the 5-mm band of oxygen for monitoring of atmospheric temperature trends. [7]

Instrument characteristics

All of the channels are contained within one unit, unlike the AMSU which comprises two instruments (AMSU-A and AMSU-B). The radiometer's antenna scans underneath the satellite through nadir, and its polarization vector rotates with the scan angle. [1] The sampling rate satisfies the Nyquist criterion for channels 1-16; thus, images produced from the data are not aliased. [1] However, ATMS images exhibit striping, attributed to receiver gain fluctuations (1/f noise), [2] which can be removed by filtering the data. [8] Table 1 lists some characteristics of the ATMS channels.

Table 1 ATMS Radiometric characteristics [1]

Channel NumberPassband Center Frequency (GHz)
Polarization near nadir
Number of Passbands
Radiometric Resolution NEDT (K)
Primary Function
123.8vertical10.25Water Vapor Burden
231.4vertical10.31Water Vapor Burden
350.3horizontal10.37Surface Emissivity, Precipitation
451.76horizontal10.28Tropospheric Temperature
552.8horizontal10.28Tropospheric Temperature
653.596 ± 0.115horizontal20.29Tropospheric Temperature
754.4horizontal10.27Tropospheric Temperature
854.94horizontal10.27Temperature Near Tropopause
955.5horizontal10.29Temperature Near Tropopause
1057.290344horizontal10.43Stratospheric Temperature
1157.290344 ± 0.217horizontal20.56Stratospheric Temperature
1257.290344 ± 0.3222 ± 0.048horizontal40.59Stratospheric Temperature
1357.290344 ± 0.3222 ± 0.022horizontal40.86Stratospheric Temperature
1457.290344 ± 0.3222 ± 0.010horizontal41.23Stratospheric Temperature
1557.290344 ± 0.3222 ± 0.0045horizontal41.95Stratospheric Temperature
1688.2vertical10.29Clouds/Snow
17165.5horizontal10.46Water Vapor
18183.31 ± 7.0horizontal20.38Water Vapor
19183.31 ± 4.5horizontal20.46Water Vapor
20183.31 ± 3.0horizontal20.54Water Vapor
21183.31 ± 1.8horizontal20.59Water Vapor
22183.31 ± 1.0horizontal20.73Water Vapor

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Kim, E.; Lyu, C.-H. J.; Anderson, K.; Leslie, R. V.; Blackwell, W. J. (2014), "S-NPP ATMS instrument prelaunch and on-orbit performance evaluation", J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119 (9): 5653–5670, Bibcode:2014JGRD..119.5653K, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020483 , hdl: 2060/20140017425
  2. 1 2 3 Kim, E.; et al. (2020). Pre-launch performance of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) on the Joint Polar Satellite System-2 Satellite (JPSS-2). International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Waikoloa, HI, USA. pp. 6353–6. doi:10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9324605.
  3. Bormann, N.; Fouilloux, A.; Bell, W. (2013), "Evaluation and assimilation of ATMS data in the ECMWF system", J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118 (23): 12, 970–80, Bibcode:2013JGRD..11812970B, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020325
  4. Weng, F.; Zou, X.; Wang, X.; Yang, S.; Goldberg, M. (2012), "Introduction to Suomi national polar-orbiting partnership advanced technology microwave sounder for NWP and tropical cyclone applications", J. Geophys. Res., 117: D19112, doi: 10.1029/2012JD018144
  5. Zhu, Y.; Liu, E.; van Delst, P.; Gayno, G.; Purser, J.; Su, X. (2017), "Latest Progress of All-Sky Microwave Radiance Assimilation in the GSI and the CRTM at NCEP", JCSDA Quarterly (55): 13–21, doi: 10.7289/V5V98648
  6. Nalli, N.R.; et al. (2016), "Satellite sounder observations of contrasting tropospheric moisture transport regimes: Saharan air layers, Hadley cells, and atmospheric rivers", J. Hydrometeorol., 17 (12): 2997–3006, Bibcode:2016JHyMe..17.2997N, doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0163.1
  7. Zou, C-Z.; Goldberg, M.D.; Hao, X. (2018), "New generation of U.S. satellite microwave sounder achieves high radiometric stability performance for reliable climate change detection", Sci. Adv., 4 (10): eaau0049, Bibcode:2018SciA....4...49Z, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0049 , PMC   6192683 , PMID   30345359
  8. Ma, Y.; Zou, X. (2015), "Striping noise mitigation in ATMS brightness temperatures and its impact on cloud LWP retrievals", J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120 (13): 6634–53, Bibcode:2015JGRD..120.6634M, doi: 10.1002/2015JD023162