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The Victoria Falls Conference took place on 26 August 1975 aboard a South African Railways train halfway across the Victoria Falls Bridge on the border between the unrecognised state of Rhodesia and Zambia. It was the culmination of the "détente" policy introduced and championed by B. J. Vorster, the Prime Minister of South Africa, which was then under apartheid and was attempting to improve its relations with the Frontline States to Rhodesia's north, west and east by helping to produce a settlement in Rhodesia. The participants in the conference were a delegation led by the Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith on behalf of his government, and a nationalist delegation attending under the banner of Abel Muzorewa's African National Council (UANC), which for this conference also incorporated delegates from the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe (FROLIZI). Vorster and the Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda acted as mediators in the conference, which was held on the border in an attempt to provide a venue both sides would accept as neutral.
Racism in Zimbabwe was introduced during the colonial era in the 19th century, when emigrating white settlers began racially discriminating against the indigenous Africans living in the region. The colony of Southern Rhodesia and state of Rhodesia were both dominated by a white minority, which imposed racist policies in all spheres of public life. In the 1960s–70s, African national liberation groups waged an armed struggle against the white Rhodesian government, culminating in a peace accord that brought the ZANU–PF to power but which left much of the white settler population's economic authority intact.
Lazarus Nkala, known in political circles by the nickname UMavava, was a Rhodesian trade union leader, activist, and revolutionary. Born in Filabusi in Matabeleland, he attended mission and government schools, and trained as a builder. He worked in Bulawayo, and became a union leader and African nationalist activist. In the 1950s and 60s, he served in leadership roles in the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, National Democratic Party, and Zimbabwe African People's Union. He was detained in 1964 and, with the exception of a three-week period the following year, was held in continuous detention for the next ten years. Upon his release in 1974, he was named Organising Secretary of the ANC, and attended the Victoria Falls Conference as part of Joshua Nkomo's delegation. He died shortly after in an automobile accident while driving from Salisbury to Bulawayo.
References
- 1 2 Mlambo, E. E. M. (1971). "Labour Law and the Worker". Rhodesia: The British Dilemma. London: International Defence and Aid Fund. p. 17.
- 1 2 C. M. Brand. "The Political Role of Unions in Rhodesia" (PDF). University of Rhodesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ↑ Chikuhwa, Jacob W. (2008). Zimbabwe: Beyond a School Certificate. AuthorHouse. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-4389-0668-3 . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Labor Conditions in Southern Rhodesia". Labor Digests on Countries in Africa. United States Department of Labor. 1966. p. 3. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
- 1 2 Raftopoulos, Brian; Mlambo, Alois (2009). Becoming Zimbabwe: A History from the Pre-colonial Period to 2008. Harare: Weaver Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-77922-083-7 . Retrieved 21 August 2012.
- ↑ Chikuhwa, Jacob W. (2008). Zimbabwe: Beyond a School Certificate. AuthorHouse. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4389-0668-3.
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