Afrique 50 | |
---|---|
Directed by | René Vautier |
Screenplay by | René Vautier |
Produced by | Ligue française de l'Enseignement |
Cinematography | René Vautier |
Edited by | René Vautier |
Music by | Keita Fodela |
Release date |
|
Running time | 17 minutes |
Country | France |
Language | French |
Afrique 50 [a.fʁiksɛ̃.kɑ̃t] is a 1950 French documentary film directed by René Vautier. The first French anti-colonialist film, the film derived from an assignment in which the director was to cover educational activities by the French League of Schooling in West Africa (in modern Mali and Ivory Coast). Vautier later filmed what he saw, a "lack of teachers and doctors, the crimes committed by the French Army in the name of France, the instrumentalization of the colonized peoples". For his role in the film Vautier was imprisoned over several months. The film was not permitted to be shown for more than 40 years. [1] [2] [3]
Cinéma vérité is a style of documentary filmmaking developed by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch, inspired by Dziga Vertov's theory about Kino-Pravda. It combines improvisation with use of the camera to unveil truth or highlight subjects hidden behind reality. It is sometimes called observational cinema, if understood as pure direct cinema: mainly without a narrator's voice-over. There are subtle, yet important, differences between terms expressing similar concepts. Direct cinema is largely concerned with the recording of events in which the subject and audience become unaware of the camera's presence: operating within what Bill Nichols, an American historian and theoretician of documentary film, calls the "observational mode", a fly on the wall. Many therefore see a paradox in drawing attention away from the presence of the camera and simultaneously interfering in the reality it registers when attempting to discover a cinematic truth.
The Longest Most Meaningless Movie in the World is an underground movie made in the UK that runs to 48 hours long, created as a collaboration by respectively French and British filmmakers Vincent Patouillard as directors and Anthony Scott in production in association with the Swiss Film Centre and the London Film-Makers' Co-op workshop.
Cinema of Africa covers both the history and present of the making or screening of films on the African continent, and also refers to the persons involved in this form of audiovisual culture. It dates back to the early 20th century, when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use. As there are more than 50 countries with audiovisual traditions, there is no one single 'African cinema'. Both historically and culturally, there are major regional differences between North African and sub-Saharan cinemas, and between the cinemas of different countries.
Postmodernist film is a classification for works that articulate the themes and ideas of postmodernism through the medium of cinema. Some of the goals of postmodernist film are to subvert the mainstream conventions of narrative structure and characterization, and to test the audience's suspension of disbelief. Typically, such films also break down the cultural divide between high and low art and often upend typical portrayals of gender, race, class, genre, and time with the goal of creating something that does not abide by traditional narrative expression.
Cinema of Chad is small but growing. The first film made in the country was the 1958 John Huston adventure film The Roots of Heaven, filmed when the country was still a part of French Equatorial Africa. Documentary filmmaker Edouard Sailly made a series of shorts in the 1960s depicting daily life in the country. During this period there were a number of cinemas in the country, including Le Normandie, Le Vogue, the Rio, the Étoile and the Shéherazade in N'Djamena, the Rex in Sarh, the Logone in Moundou and the Ciné Chachati in Abéché. The film industry suffered severely in the 1970s-80s as Chad became engulfed in a series of civil wars and foreign military interventions; film production stopped, and all the cinemas in Chad closed down. Following the ousting of dictator Hissène Habré by Idriss Déby in 1990 the situation in the country stabilised somewhat, allowing the development of a nascent film industry, most notably through the work of directors Mahamat-Saleh Haroun, Issa Serge Coelo and Abakar Chene Massar. Mahamat-Saleh Haroun has won awards at the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou, Venice International Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival. In January 2011 Le Normandie in N'Djamena, said now to be the only cinema in Chad, re-opened with government support.
Mandabi is a 1968 film written and directed by Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène. The film is based on Sembène's novel The Money-Order and is the director's first film in his native Wolof language. Since most of the Senegalese population at the time did not understand French, Sembène wanted to create cinema for Wolof speakers. This is believed to be the first full-length African language film from West Africa.
Layth Abdulamir is an Iraqi-French filmmaker. He studied film in Paris, France, from 1977 to 1980, and in Kiev from 1980 to 1986. Since 1994, he defended his dissertation at the Rylsky National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,. He received his PHD degree in Cinematic Critic he has made several documentary films for various TV channels in France and for Dubai TV in the United Arab Emirates (1999-2004). In 2021, Layth Abdulamir's book Extreme cinema, transcending the borders of aesthetics was published by Arwegh مؤسسة أروقة للدراسات والترجمة والنشر Editions in Cairo.
Raymond Depardon is a French photographer, photojournalist and documentary filmmaker.
Raphaël Millet is a French writer, critic, producer and director of cinema and television, as well as an organiser and programmer of photographic and cultural events.
Ashakara is a French-Swiss produced Burkinabé-Togolese dark comedy film directed by Gérard Louvin, starring James Campbell, Jean-Marc Pasquet, Willy Monshengwo and Bamela Nyanta. It was released in 1991 and entered into the 1992 Cognac International Film Festival, Solothurn Film Festival, Pan African Film Festival and Vevey International Funny Film Festival.
René Vautier was a French film director. His films, which were often controversial with French authorities, addressed many issues, such as the Algerian War, French colonialism in Africa, pollution, racism, women's rights, and apartheid in South Africa. Many were banned or condemned, and one caused him to go to prison for a year.
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Cinema of Ghana also known as the Ghana Film Industry nicknamed Ghallywood, began when early film making was first introduced to the British colony of Gold Coast in 1923. At the time only affluent people could see the films, especially the colonial master of Gold Coast. In the 1950s, film making in Ghana began to increase. Cinemas were the primary venue for watching films until home video became more popular. The movie industry has no official name as yet since consultations and engagements with stakeholders has been ongoing when a petition was sent to the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture which suspended the use of the name Black Star Films.
Madeleine Beauséjour (1946–1994) was a film editor and director from Réunion.
Andrew S. Bishop (1894–1959) was an actor on stage and screen. He and Cleo Desmond drew adoring fans to their theatrical performances. He starred in several of Oscar Michaux's African American films.
The Human Pyramid is a 1961 Ivorian docufiction film directed by Jean Rouch. He cast black African and white French students to improvise interactions with each other at an integrated high school in Abidjan.
Zimbabwe has an active film culture that includes films made in Zimbabwe during its pre- and post-colonial periods. Economic crisis and political crisis have been features of the industry. A publication from the 1980s counted 14 cinemas in Zimbabwe's capital city, Harare. According to a 1998 report only 15 percent of the population had been to a cinema. European and American films have been made on location in Zimbabwe as well as Indian films. American films are popular in Zimbabwe but face restrictions limiting their distribution.
Cocorico! Monsieur Poulet is a 1977 Franco-Nigerien road movie by "Dalarou", a pseudonym for Damouré Zika, Lam Ibrahim Dia and Jean Rouch.
Peter P. Jones was a photographer and filmmaker in the United States. He established the Peter P. Jones Film Company in Chicago in 1914 and filmed African American subjects including vaudeville acts and the 1915 National Half Century Exposition and Lincoln Jubilee. He also filmed community documentaries, chronicling contemporary African American life and social organizations.
Seasons of the Year, also called The Seasons or Four Seasons, is a 1975 Soviet–Armenian short documentary film, directed and written by Artavazd Peleshyan. It was his second and last collaboration with cinematographer Mikhail Vartanov, after Autumn Pastoral (1971).