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Halley Research Station is a research facility in Antarctica on the Brunt Ice Shelf operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The base was established in 1956 to study the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements from Halley led to the discovery of the ozone hole in 1985. The current base is the sixth in a line of structures and includes design elements intended to overcome the challenge of building on a floating ice shelf without being buried and crushed by snow. As of 2020, the base has been left unstaffed through winter since 2017, due to concerns over the propagation of an ice crack and how this might cut off the evacuation route in an emergency.
Operation Tabarin was the code name for a secret British expedition to the Antarctic during World War Two, operational 1943–46. Conducted by the Admiralty on behalf of the Colonial Office, its primary objective was to strengthen British claims to sovereignty of the British territory of the Falkland Islands Dependencies (FID), to which Argentina and Chile had made counter claims since the outbreak of war. This was done by establishing permanently occupied bases, carrying out administrative activities such as postal services and undertaking scientific research. The meteorological observations made aided Allied shipping in the South Atlantic Ocean.
The Rothera Research Station is a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) base on the Antarctic Peninsula, located at Rothera Point, Adelaide Island. Rothera also serves as the capital of the British Antarctic Territory, a British Overseas Territory.
The Polar Medal is a medal awarded by the Sovereign of the United Kingdom to individuals who have outstanding achievements in the field of polar research, and particularly for those who have worked over extended periods in harsh climates. It was instituted in 1857 as the Arctic Medal, and renamed the Polar Medal in 1904.
Multiple governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed. Unlike the drifting ice stations set up in the Arctic, the research stations of the Antarctic are constructed either on rocks or on ice that are fixed in place.
The RRS John Biscoe was a supply and research vessel used by the British Antarctic Survey between 1956 and 1991.
James William Slessor Marr was a Scottish marine biologist and polar explorer. He was leader of the World War 2 British Antarctic Expedition Operation Tabarin during its first year, 1943–1945.
Fossil Bluff is a seasonal British aircraft refuelling station located on the east coast of Alexander Island in Antarctica. In operation since 1961, its facilities provide fuel, storage, and ancillary support for British exploration and operations during the summer season, October through March. The site is adjacent to a natural, north–south travelling route along the George VI Ice Shelf.
Laura Bassi is an icebreaking research vessel operated by the Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Applied Geophysics,. Between 1999 and 2019, she was the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) logistics ship, primarily used for the resupply of scientific stations in the Antarctic.
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.
Nunatak was the British Antarctic Survey’s (BAS) Rothera Research Station’s house band. The five person indie rock band was part of a science team investigating climate change and evolutionary biology on the Antarctic Peninsula. They are chiefly known for their participation in Live Earth in 2007, where they were the only band to play in the event's Antarctica concert.
Dame Jane Elizabeth Francis, is the Director of the British Antarctic Survey. She previously worked as Professor of Palaeoclimatology at the University of Leeds where she also was Dean of the Faculty of Environment. In 2002 she was the fourth woman to receive the Polar Medal for outstanding contribution to British polar research. She is currently the Chancellor of the University of Leeds.
Felicity Ann Dawn Aston is a British explorer, author and climate scientist.
Michelle Rogan-Finnemore is a New Zealand-American science administrator, and currently the Executive Secretary of the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programmes (COMNAP) which is the international association which brings together the National Antarctic Programs that make up its members. She is also the namesake of Finnemore Peak.
Eleanor Honnywill was instrumental in supporting the work of British Antarctic Survey (BAS).
Janet Thomson also known as Janet Wendy Thomson is a British geologist and the first British woman scientist to complete field research in Antarctica. Thomson Summit and Thomson Glacier are named in her honor. She was a 2001 recipient of the British Antarctic Survey's Fuchs Medal, and in 2003, she was the recipient of the Polar Medal.
Sally Poncet is an Australian-born scientist and adventurer who has explored and studied the Antarctic region since 1977. Her specialty is birds and she made extensive studies of albatross and their habitats for the British Antarctic Survey. She has written guidebooks on preservation of the flora and fauna of South Georgia and received numerous awards and honors, including the Blue Water Medal, the Fuchs Medal and the Polar Medal for her contributions to understanding the southern polar region.
There may have been women in Antarctica and exploring the regions around Antarctica for many centuries. The most celebrated "first" for women was in 1935 when Caroline Mikkelsen became the first woman to set foot on one of Antarctica's islands. Early male explorers, such as Richard Byrd, named areas of Antarctica after wives and female heads of state. As Antarctica moved from a place of exploration and conquest to a scientific frontier, women worked to be included in the sciences. The first countries to have female scientists working in Antarctica were the Soviet Union, South Africa and Argentina.
This is a Timeline ofwomen in Antarctica. This article describes many of the firsts and accomplishments that women from various countries have accomplished in different fields of endeavor on the continent of Antarctica.
Hugh Giles Keyworth Broughton is an English architect and one of the world's leading designers of polar research facilities. His practice, Hugh Broughton Architects, was founded in 1995 and is based in London, works internationally. The practice has won several high profile international design competitions, including Halley VI Research Station, Juan Carlos 1 Spanish Antarctic Base, the Atmospheric Watch Observatory in Greenland for the US National Science Foundation and a new health facility on Tristan da Cunha, the world's most remote inhabited island. As of 2020, current polar work includes the redevelopment of Scott Base for Antarctica New Zealand, designed in collaboration with Jasmax; and the modernisation of the Rothera Research Station for the British Antarctic Survey (2023). In 2019 the practice completed the conservation of the Grade I listed Painted Hall in the Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich, designed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1696.
References
- ↑ Gibb, John (25 April 2016). "Polar Medal for Otago graduate". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- ↑ Keeling, Emma (23 April 2016). "New Zealander awarded prestigious Polar Medal for work in Antarctica". 1 NEWS NOW. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- ↑ "Five winters on Antarctica: Agnieszka Fryckowska". Radio New Zealand. 25 May 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- 1 2 Fryckowska, Agnieszka (1996). The Impact of Large Organic Debris Jams on Stream Morphology: A Reconnaissance Survey of Montane Streams in South Westland (Postgraduate Diploma thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago. hdl:10523/11906.
- 1 2 "Polar Medal for Otago Alumna for British Antarctic Survey Service". University of Otago. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "Polar Medal awards - News - British Antarctic Survey". BAS. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ↑ Morton, Jaime (15 April 2016). "Royal honour for Kiwi ice queen". NZ Herald. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
- ↑ Jones, Beth (20 May 2012). "'Women won't like working in Antarctica as there are no shops and hairdressers'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ↑ Hamilton, William L. (1 June 2013). "Come in from the Cold: Hugh Broughton Fills Antarctica's Halley VI Research Station with the Comforts of Home". Interior Design. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018 – via HighBeam Research.
- ↑ Tanaka, Kisei (30 May 2016). "Five winters on Antarctica: Agnieszka Fryckowska - Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition". Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. Retrieved 8 September 2017.