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Assyria was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
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Sîn-šar-iškun was the penultimate king of Assyria, reigning from the death of his brother and predecessor Aššur-etil-ilāni in 627 BC to his own death at the Fall of Nineveh in 612 BC.
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Erishum I or Erišu(m) Ic. 1974–1935 BCE, son of Ilu-shuma, was the thirty-third ruler of Assyria to appear on the Assyrian King List. He reigned for forty years. One of two copies of the Assyrian King List which include him gives his reign length as only 30 years, but this contrasts with a complete list of his limmu, some 40, which are extant from tablets recovered at Karum Kanesh. He had titled himself both as, "Ashur is king, Erishum is vice-regent" and the, “Išši’ak Aššur”ki, at a time when Assur was controlled by an oligarchy of the patriarchs of the prominent families and subject to the “judgment of the city”, or dīn alim. According to Veenhof, Erishum I’s reign marks the period when the institution of the annually appointed limmu (eponym) was introduced. The Assyrian King List observes of his immediate predecessors, “in all six kings known from bricks, whose limmu have not been marked/found”.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hardach, Sophie (January 13, 2021). "The secret letters of history's first-known businesswomen". BBC. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
- 1 2 3 Michael, Cécile (2020). Women of Assur and Kanesh. pp. 411–414. ISBN 9780884144557.
- ↑ Michel, C. (2020). Women of Assur and Kanesh: texts from the archives of Assyrian merchants (Vol. 42). SBL Press.
- ↑ Thus speaks Tarām-Kūbi, Assyrian Correspondence Documentary. (2020). Video
- ↑ Hamburg, U. (2022, June 20). Thus Speaks Tarām-Kūbi University of Hamburg