Masoud Pezeshkian is an Iranian politician and cardiac surgeon who has served as the ninth president of Iran since 28 July 2024. He previously represented Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr electoral district in the Parliament of Iran, from 2008 to 2024 and served as its First Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2020. He was Minister of Health and Medical Education between 2001 and 2005 in the Government of Mohammad Khatami.
Istishhad is the Arabic word for "martyrdom", "death of a martyr", or "heroic death". Martyrs are given the honorific shaheed. The word derives from the root shahida, meaning "to witness". Traditionally martyrdom has an exalted place in Islam. It is widely believed among Muslims that the sins of believers who "die in the way of God" will be forgiven by Allah. Shia views on martyrdom have been profoundly influenced by internal Muslim conflicts, notably Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom at Karbala in 680, shaping it as a central belief and practice.
The Tyre headquarters bombings were two suicide bombings against the Israel Defense Forces' headquarters building in Tyre, Lebanon, in 1982 and 1983. The blasts killed 104 Israelis and 47–59 Lebanese, wounded 95 people, and were some of the worst losses ever for the IDF. The second attack occurred in November 1983 and was attributed to Hezbollah.
Sayyid Ahmad Kazemi was an Iranian army brigadier general and one of the most notable soldiers in the Iran–Iraq War.
Ahmad Keshvari was an Iranian military helicopter pilot in the Iranian Army Aviation who is known for his prominent role in the early months of the Iran-Iraq War where he stopped Iraqi armored columns from further advancing into western Iran.
Ahmad Motevaselian was an Iranian military officer and attaché who was one of four Iranians who disappeared in Lebanon in 1982. During the Iran–Iraq War, he served as a commander in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and established the 27th Muhammad Rasulullah Division. He played a role in the Second Battle of Khorramshahr and later, as part of a senior diplomatic group of political and military leaders, went to Syria. On 5 July 1982, when the vehicle carrying the diplomats was passing through a checkpoint post on its way to Beirut, it was intercepted by Phalange Party. The car and four passengers, completely disappeared.
The January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident was an airstrike against a two-car convoy that killed six Hezbollah fighters, including two prominent commanders, and a general of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards (IRGC), Mohammad Ali Allahdadi, at al-Amal Farms in the Quneitra District of Syria, in the Eastern Golan Heights, on 18 January 2015, during the Syrian Civil War. The attack was largely attributed to Israel, which did not officially confirm that it carried it out. Hezbollah and IRGC held Israel responsible and threatened to retaliate. On 19 January 2015, Al-Nusra Front member Abu Azzam al-Idlibi claimed that Jihad Mughniyeh and the other Hezbollah fighters were killed in an Al-Nusra Front ambush at Jaroud in the Qalamoun Mountains in the Al-Qutayfah District northeast of Damascus, claiming that it "will be the end of the Persian project, God willing."
Mir Asadollah Madani Dehkharghani was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric. He was the second Imam Jumu'ah of Tabriz, the Imam Jumu'ah of Hamadan, the representative of the Supreme Leader in East Azerbaijan for less than a year, and a member of the Muslim People's Republic Party. Madani was also Hamadan Province's representative in the first term of the Assembly of Experts.
Ghazanfar Mohammad Asl Roknabadi was an Iranian diplomat, who served as the Iranian ambassador to Lebanon from 2010 to 2014. Rokanabadi is known to have had strong ties to Lebanon's Hezbollah. He survived many assassination attempts during his service in Lebanon.
27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division was a division of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces based in Tehran.
Mohsen Khazaei was an Iranian correspondent.
Mohsen Hojaji was an Iranian military officer. He served as an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) adviser to the pro-government forces in Syria during the Syrian Civil War. He was captured by the Islamic State forces near al-Tanf in southeast Syria, and was beheaded two days later. The Islamic State published a video of his capture, a picture of which went viral among Iranians in social media. His captivity and subsequent murder received widespread reaction among the Iranian people, government, and military.
Holy Shrine Defenders, known in Persian as Modāfe'ān-e-Haram, is a phrase used by the Iranian government to refer to their advisers and military personnel, whether Iranians or otherwise, fighting in Iraq and Syria in defense and protection of Shia peoples and holy shrines often targeted by Sunni fighters. The most prominent shrine associated with the mission of the "holy shrine defenders," and to which their presence in Syria is ostensibly dedicated, is the Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque in Damascus.
Hossein Qajeyi was an Iranian military commander in the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and prominent military figure in the Iran-Iraq War. He was the founder of the IRGC's 27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division and served as the division's first commander during the war.
Hossein Korani Ameli was a Lebanese Shiite-Muslim cleric, one of the founders of Hezbollah in Lebanon and members of the Lebanese Hezbollah leadership council. He was the brother of Ali Al-Kourani.
Mohammad Doroudian is an Iranian writer, historian, researcher and theorist. Doroudian was born on 1959 in Tehran, and actively writes about the history of the Iran-Iraq War. He holds a BA in History from Shahid Beheshti University. More than seventeen books have been published by Mohammad Doroudian so far. He is one of the elect of the 31st Iran's Book of the Year Awards and the winner of the 8th Holy Defense Year Book Award.
The Tomb of Ahmad ibn Ishaq is a shrine in Sarpol-e Zahab, Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. This shrine belongs to the Shiites and attributed to one of the close companions of Imam Hasan al-Askari, named Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi. The tomb of Ahmad Ibn Ishaq is located almost in the center of Sarpol-e Zahab and is considered the most important shrine of this city.
Abbas Nilforoushan was an Iranian brigadier general of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), who served as Deputy of Operations. He began his military career in 1980 with the Basij, then joined the IRGC and was a member of this organization throughout the Iran–Iraq War.
Qolamhossein Afshordi known as Hassan Bagheri, was an Iranian soldier and journalist who worked as the deputy commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces during the Iran-Iraq war. He was one of the senior commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in the Operation Tariq al-Quds, the Operation Fath ol-Mobin, the Operation Ramadan, and the Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas, and he played a key role in the liberation of Khorramshahr. Bagheri was killed by a mortar shell in January 1983, shortly before the start of the Operation Before the Dawn during reconnaissance operations in Fakkeh. He was the brother of Mohammad Bagheri, Chief of Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces.
The Zionist regime is a political term that some opponents use instead of the Israeli government. In the political literature of the Islamic Republic of Iran, this title and similar titles such as the occupation regime of Quds are used to name Israeli government. Hamas and Lebanon's Hezbollah groups also use this term in their literature to refer to the Israeli government. They also use the term Zionists and occupiers for non-Palestinian citizens of Israel, especially its government and military forces.
