| Ahmad ibn Asad | |
|---|---|
| Amir of Ferghana and Samarkand Shahanshah | |
| Reign | Ferghana: (819 – 864/865) Samarkand: (851/852 – 864/865) |
| Predecessor | Samarkand: Nuh Shash: Yahya |
| Successor | Ferghana: Nasr I Samarkand: Nasr I Shash: Ya'qub |
| Issue | Nasr I Isma'il ibn Ahmad |
| House | Samanid |
| Father | Asad ibn Saman |
Ahmad ibn Asad (d. 864/865) was a Samanid Amir of Ferghana (819-864/5) and Samarkand (851/2-864/5). He was a son of Asad.
In 819, Ahmad was granted authority over the city of Ferghana by Caliph Al-Ma'mun's governor of Khorasan, Ghassan ibn 'Abbad, as a reward for his support against the rebel Rafi' ibn Laith. Following the death of his brother Nuh, who ruled in Samarkand, Ahmad and another brother Yahya were given rule over the city by Abdallah, the governor of Khurasan. Yahya's power was subsequently significantly curtailed by Ahmad, and he may have ruled as simply a figurehead until his death in 855. Yahya's line was then superseded by Ahmad's. By the time of Ahmad's death in 864 or 865, he was the ruler of most of Transoxiana, Bukhara and Khwarazm. Samarkand went to one son, Nasr I, while Shash went to another son, Ya'qub.
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The Samanid Empire, also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply as the Samanids, was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, of Iranian dehqan origin. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana; at its greatest extent encompassing Persia and Central Asia, from 819 to 999.
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Nuh ibn Asad was a Samanid ruler of Samarkand (819-841/2). He was a son of Asad.
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Asad ibn Saman was an early Samanid. He was the son of Saman Khuda, the founder of the Samanid dynasty of Persia.
Saman Khuda was an 8th-century Iranian noble whose descendants later became rulers of Khurasan. He was a Dehqan from the village of Saman in Balkh province in present-day northern Afghanistan. In the early 8th century, he came to Merv, seat of the Caliphal governor of Khorasan, Asad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Qasri. Saman was originally a Zoroastrian. However, he was so impressed with the piety of Asad ibn 'Abd-Allah al-Qasri, that he converted to Islam. He named his son Asad, allegedly in the governor's honor.
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Nuh ibn Nasr, or Nuh I, was the Amir of the Samanids in 943–954. He was the son of Nasr II. It is rumoured that he married a Chinese princess.
Abū Ibrāhīm Ismā'īl ibn-i Aḥmad-i Sāmāni, better known simply as Ismail-i Samani, and also known as Isma'il ibn-i Ahmad, was the Samanid amir of Transoxiana (892–907) and Khorasan (900–907). His reign saw the emergence of the Samanids as a powerful force. He was the son of Ahmad ibn-i Asad and a descendant of Saman Khuda, the eponymous ancestor of the Samanid dynasty who renounced Zoroastrianism and embraced Islam.
Nasr ibn Ahmad or Nasr II, nicknamed "the Fortunate", was the ruler (amir) of Transoxiana and Khurasan as the head of the Samanid dynasty from 914 to 943. His reign marked the high point of the Samanid dynasty's fortunes. He was the son of Ahmad ibn Isma’il.
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Ilyas ibn Asad was a Samanid ruler of Herat (819–856). He was one of the four sons of Asad.
Chaghaniyan, known as al-Saghaniyan in Arabic sources, was a medieval region and principality located on the right bank of the Oxus River, to the south of Samarkand.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri was a prominent official of the Umayyad Caliphate, serving twice as governor of Khurasan under the Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. The descendant of a prominent Arab family, he was the brother of Khalid al-Qasri, the powerful governor of Iraq for most of Hisham's reign. Asad's first tenure as governor in 724–727 came in the wake of the "Day of Thirst", a severe defeat at the hands of the Türgesh Turks in Transoxiana. Asad tried to reconcile the local Soghdians to Muslim rule, initiated tax reforms to address the grievances of the native converts to Islam, and enjoyed good relations with many local nobles, who began to convert to Islam under his influence. His military expeditions during his first tenure were targeted mainly against restive local princes, avoiding a direct confrontation with the Türgesh.
Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir was a Tahirid family member, who served the Abbasid Caliphate as governor and chief of police of Baghdad from 851 until his death, during a particularly troubled period in the city's history, which included its siege during the civil war of 865–866, in which he played a major role. He also served in the 860s as governor of Baghdad, Mecca and Medina, and was noted as a scholar, a poet and a patron of artists and scholars.
Abu Salih Mansur was a Samanid prince, who served as governor during the reign of his uncle Isma'il ibn Ahmad, his cousin Ahmad Samani, and Nasr II.
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