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The Politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by Prime Minister of Pakistan,who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive,legislative,and judicial branches of the government.
The Government of Pakistan abbreviated as GoP,is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces,two autonomous territories,and one federal territory of a parliamentary democratic republic,constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
The Constitution of Bangladesh,officially the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the supreme law of Bangladesh. The document provides the framework that demarcates the Bangladeshi republic with a unitary,parliamentary democracy,that enshrines fundamental human rights and freedoms,an independent judiciary,democratic local government and a national bureaucracy.
Kamal Hossain is a founding leader,lawyer and politician of Bangladesh. He is known as the "father of the Bangladeshi constitution" and regarded as an icon of secular democracy in the Indian subcontinent. Hossain currently heads his own law firm in Dhaka,serves as president of the Gano Forum political party,and advocates for democratic reform. His autobiography Bangladesh:Quest for Freedom and Justice is an important book on Bangladeshi history,particularly regarding the creation of Bangladesh in 1971.
The 1999 military takeover in Pakistan was a bloodless coup d'état initiated by the military staff at the Joint Staff HQ working under Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General Pervez Musharraf. The instigators seized control of the civilian government of the publicly elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on 12 October 1999. On 14 October,General Musharraf,acting as the country's Chief Executive,issued a controversial provisional order that suspended the Constitution of Pakistan.
Syed Muhammad Zafar is one of the more prominent Pakistani human rights activists,a noted lawyer,a politician and a former member of the Senate of Pakistan. For some time,he was affiliated with the Pakistan Muslim League (Q).
Zaheer-ud-din Babar Awan,is a Pakistani politician,senior lawyer,author,analyst,columnist,and leftist writer who served as Adviser to Prime Minister for Parliamentary Affairs from April 2020 to 10 April 2022,and before that as the Federal Law Minister in the cabinet of former Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani. He also served as a junior Pakistani Senator of Punjab Province from 2012 to 2017.
Ashtar Ausaf Ali is a Pakistani lawyer who is the current Attorney-General for Pakistan since May 2022. He previously served in the same capacity from 2016 to 2018. As AG,he co-drafted the Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan,which merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the central executive government of Bangladesh. The government was constituted by the Constitution of Bangladesh and represented by the president,the prime minister and the cabinet of Bangladesh. The legislature represented by the Jatiya Sangsad,and the judiciary,represented by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a unitary state and the central government has the authority to govern over the entirety of the nation. The seat of the government is located in Dhaka,the capital of Bangladesh.
Iqbal Haider was a Senior Advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and the co-chairperson of the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan ("HRCP"). He was also a Senator,Federal Minister for Law,Justice and Parliamentary Affairs from November 1993 to December 1994,Pakistan's first Federal Minister for Human Rights and Attorney General.
Tassaduq Hussain Jillani is a Pakistani judge who served as the 21st Chief Justice of Pakistan from 2013 to 2014. He previously served as a Justice of the Supreme Court from 2004,after being nominated Justice of the Lahore High Court by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1994.
Nasirul Mulk served as the seventh caretaker prime minister of Pakistan who previously also served as the 22nd chief justice of Pakistan. A jurist by profession,he was nominated as Chief Justice by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. On 6 July 2014,his appointment as CJP was confirmed by President Mamnoon Hussain. He also previously served as the country's acting Chief Election Commissioner,from 30 November 2013 to 6 July 2014.
Shahida Nighat Jamil is a Pakistani lawyer and politician who served as the Law Minister of Pakistan.
Khalid Ranjha is a Pakistani lawyer and a politician from Punjab,Pakistan. He also served as Federal Law Minister of Pakistan in 2002 and a member of the Senate of Pakistan. He remained Advocate General Punjab,Judge Lahore High Court and the President of Lahore High Court Bar Association,Lahore
Mir Hazar Khan Khoso was a Pakistani jurist who was the caretaker prime minister of Pakistan from 25 March to 5 June 2013. Khoso was a judge who previously served as the chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court and served as the interim prime minister ahead of the general elections scheduled in May 2013.
Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury is the current and the first female Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad since April 2013. At 46 years of age,she became the youngest to assume the office. She was also the Chairperson of the Executive Committee of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association between 2014 and 2017. She previously served as the state minister of the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs of Bangladesh.
Dost Muhammad Khan is a Pakistani jurist who remained a senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 1 February 2014 to 20 March 2018. Previously,he served as Chief Justice of the Peshawar High Court from 17 November 2011 to 31 January 2014. He refused to take oath under the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) 3 November 2007 and rejected many offers.
Syed Ali Zafar is a Pakistani senator and barrister,who was born and grew up in Lahore. He was Federal caretaker Minister for Law and Justice of Pakistan in 2018 and President of the Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan 2015–16. He remained President of the Pakistan chapter of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Law and a senior partner of Mandviwalla &Zafar,legal consultants. He is associated as vice-president of the Human Rights Society of Pakistan. He earned his Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from the London School of Economics in 1983,and Bar at Law from England and Wales in 1984. He is also a political analyst and regularly writes in The Express Tribune on various political,social and legal issues of Pakistan. He joined the present ruling party,Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI),in 2019.
The Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir provides for an apparently transitory autonomous parliamentary framework of self-governance and power sharing for the region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,defined by the act as the "territories of the State of Jammu and Kashmir which have been liberated by the people of that State and for the time being under the administration of Government and such other territories as may hereafter come under its administration",however it does not pertain to areas such as Gilgit,Hunza and Baltistan. The act succeeded and re-enacted the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government Act,1970 with modifications. It was promulgated under the Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. The constitution has been amended 14 times. It is based on the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan.
A political and constitutional crisis emerged in Pakistan from,3 April 2022 to 10 April 2022 when,National Assembly's Deputy Speaker Qasim Khan Suri dismissed a no-confidence motion against Prime Minister Imran Khan during a session in which it was expected to be taken up for a vote,alleging that a foreign country's involvement in the regime change was contradictory to Article 5 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Moments later,Khan stated in a televised address that he had advised President Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly. Alvi complied with Khan's advice under Article 58 of the constitution. This resulted in the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP) taking a suo moto notice of the ongoing situation,creating a constitutional crisis,as effectively,Imran Khan led a constitutional coup. Four days later,the SCP ruled that the dismissal of the no-confidence motion,the prorogation of the National Assembly,the advice from Imran Khan to President Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly,and the subsequent dissolution of the National Assembly were unconstitutional,and overturned these actions in a 5-0 vote. The Supreme Court further held that the National Assembly had not been prorogued and had to be reconvened by the speaker immediately and no later than 10:30 a.m. on 9 April 2022.
References
- ↑ Ghumman, Khawar (4 April 2013). "Portfolios allotted: Surprise addition likely in caretaker cabinet".
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