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The Turkish Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. The Turkish Armed Forces consist of the General Staff, the Land Forces, the Naval Forces and the Air Forces. The current Chief of the General Staff is General Yaşar Güler. The Chief of the General Staff is the Commander of the Armed Forces. In wartime, the Chief of the General Staff acts as the Commander-in-Chief on behalf of the President, who represents the Supreme Military Command of the TAF on behalf of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Coordinating the military relations of the TAF with other NATO member states and friendly states is the responsibility of the General Staff.
A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue without law enforcement authority. In most countries, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from those of the navy and the transit police, while in certain countries they have similarities to both.
Search and rescue (SAR) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, typically determined by the type of terrain the search is conducted over. These include mountain rescue; ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs; urban search and rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the battlefield and air-sea rescue over water.
Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. This tends to include mountains with technical rope access issues, snow, avalanches, ice, crevasses, glaciers, alpine environments and high altitudes. The difficult and remote nature of the terrain in which mountain rescue often occurs has resulted in the development of a number of specific pieces of equipment and techniques. Helicopters are often used to quickly extract casualties, and search dogs may be deployed to find a casualty.
A gendarmerie is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term gendarme is derived from the medieval French expression gens d'armes, which translates to "rural police" or "men-at-arms". In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory, with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions adopted a gendarmerie after independence. A similar concept exists in Eastern Europe in the form of Internal Troops, which are present in many countries of the former Soviet Union and its former allied countries.
The GIGN is the elite police tactical unit of the National Gendarmerie of France. Among its missions are counterterrorism, hostage rescue, surveillance of national threats, protection of government officials, critical site protection, and targeting organized crime.
Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence or NBC protection are protective measures taken in situations in which chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear warfare hazards may be present. CBRN defence consists of CBRN passive protection, contamination avoidance, and weapons of mass destruction mitigation.
The Turkish Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Turkish Air Force can trace its origins back to June 1911, when it was founded as the Ottoman Aviation Squadrons by the Ottoman Empire. However, the Air Force as a separate branch of the Turkish Armed Forces did not come into existence until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. It is considered to be the third largest air force in NATO.
The Gendarmerie General Command is the national Gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces, as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey.
The Coast Guard Command is the coast guard service of Turkey. The Turkish Coast Guard is under the command of the Ministry of the Interior. However, during wartime some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Naval Forces by the President.
The National Gendarmerie is one of two national law enforcement forces of France, along with the National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, with additional duties from the Ministry of Armed Forces. Its responsibilities include policing smaller towns, suburbs and rural areas, along with special subdivisions like the GSPR. By contrast, the National Police is a civilian law enforcement agency that is in charge of policing cities and larger towns. Because of its military status, the Gendarmerie also fulfills a range of military and defence missions, including having a cybercrime division. The Gendarmerie has a strength of around 102,269 people.
The Special Forces Command is a division of the Turkish Armed Forces, initially established as a brigade in 14 April 1992, operating directly under the Turkish General Staff. According to the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) dress code, the OKK, also known as the Bordo Bereliler, are noteworthy for their distinctive maroon berets. Their task is to carry out special operations that exceed the capabilities of other military units.
The Underwater Offence, or SAT, is the special operations forces unit of the Turkish Navy, and the first and only navy commando unit consisting of highly skilled soldiers selected from among the officers and petty officers of the Turkish Navy. They are affiliated with the Naval Operation Directorate. During war, the unit is responsible for stealthy attack, sabotage and raids on the coastal strategic facilities of the enemy whether under water, over water, land or air, to their floating platforms. The SAT participates in coastal reconnaissance to be subtracted under the pre-force operation and underwater control of the coast and the control of foreign ports.
The Personnel Rescue is a combat search and rescue and advanced air controller unit affiliated to the Turkish Air Force whose task is to recover pilots and other military personnel stranded behind enemy lines and qualified service member who directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations from a forward position. It is similar to the United States Air Force Pararescue unit. They receive 53 weeks of training.
Operation Claw was a cross-border military operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan Region against the Kurdistan Workers' Party. Turkish troops fired artillery shells and launched air attacks in the morning of 28 May 2019, followed by a border crossing by the Turkish Army and Gendarmerie Special Public Security Command. On 30 May 2019, the first Turkish losses were recorded: a specialist sergeant and a second lieutenant were killed in action. On 31 May 2019, F-16 jets of the 181st Squadron "Leopard" hit PKK targets in the autonomous region. In late June, press sources reported that the Turkish military combat-tested the Bora ballistic missile during Operation Claw in the Kurdistan Region. In July, ground operations gradually died down and only airstrikes were carried out in the Avasin-Basyan, Zap, Metina, Haftanin and Hakurk regions. 182nd Squadron "Accipiter", 181st Squadron "Leopard" and 14th UAV Systems Base Command participated in the operation. On 13th July, Turkey launched the next part of the counter-terror operation(Operation Claw-2 )in N.Iraq On 24 August, Operation Claw 3 was launched in northern Iraq. As a result, the Turkish Army set up three new bases deep in the Hakurk region and established a dozen observation points. In June 2020, the Turkish military officially announced the start of Operation Claw-Eagle in Iraq.
The Gendarmerie Search and Rescue Battalion Command or shortly as JAK, is the Search and rescue unit of the Gendarmerie General Command in Turkey. It has several missions which all kinds of natural and man-made disasters that may occur inside of domestic and abroad places with in mountains, caves, canyons, underwater to conduct search and rescue operations with, was established on 1 September 1999 in Ankara under the command of the Gendarmerie Commando Special Public Order.
The Underwater Search and Rescue Group Command is affiliated with the Turkish Naval Forces. Its duties are to carry out underwater training of the Naval Forces Command and other units, to train 1st class divers andunderwater defense personnel, and to participate in search and rescue activities at times of war and peace. In 2017, the TCG Alemdar was put into service and the capabilities of the unit were upgraded.
The Zerdava is an aboriginal laika dog breed native to Black Sea region of Turkey and Georgia. Zerdava are traditionally used as guard and hunting dog and are especially prized for boar hunting. The name “Zerdava” is Slavic for mustelid, possibly in reference to their Marten-brown color or their treeing behavior when hunting martens.
References
- ↑ "TSK'nın yardım eli: AKİP". Timeturk.com. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
- ↑ "TSK'nın yardım eli: AKİP". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
- ↑ Aybars (2017-06-26). "Hava Kuvvetleri Personel Kurtarma (CSAR), Hakkari.pic.twitter.com/VUbVMo3U1D". @aybarsbtr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-11-06.