Albert Shibura | |
---|---|
Burundian Interior Minister | |
In office July 15, 1972 –June 5, 1973 | |
Burundian Ambassador to China | |
In office June 5,1973 –1975 | |
Succeeded by | Simon Sabimbona |
Ambassador of Burundi to Uganda | |
In office 1970–1971 | |
Succeeded by | Jonathas Niyungeko |
Personal details | |
Born | 1939 (age 83–84) Bururi [1] |
Albert Shibura (born 1939) is a Burundian retired politician and military officer.
Albert Shibura was born in 1939 in the Matana region of the present Bururi Province,Ruanda-Urundi. After six years of primary education he attended the Groupe Scolaire de Astrida. He subsequently attended Lovanium University in the Belgian Congo before failing out of his classes. Shibura later studied in Munich,West Germany before enrolling at the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. [2]
After two years of study at Saint-Cyr,Shibura returned to Burundi in 1965 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Burundi National Army. [2]
The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Louis Rwagasore was a Burundian prince and politician,who served as the second prime minister of Burundi for two weeks,from 28 September 1961 until his assassination on 13 October 1961. Born to the Ganwa family of Burundian Mwami (king) Mwambutsa IV in Belgian-administered Ruanda-Urundi in 1932,Rwagasore was educated in Burundian Catholic schools before attending university in Belgium. After he returned to Burundi in the mid-1950s he founded a series of cooperatives to economically empower native Burundians and build up his base of political support. The Belgian administration took over the venture,and as a result of the affair his national profile increased and he became a leading figure of the anti-colonial movement.
Cyprien Ntaryamira was a Burundian politician who served as President of Burundi from 5 February 1994 until his death two months later. A Hutu born in Burundi,Ntaryamira studied there before fleeing to Rwanda to avoid ethnic violence and complete his education. Active in a Burundian student movement,he cofounded the socialist Burundi Workers' Party and earned an agricultural degree. In 1983 he returned to Burundi and worked agricultural jobs,though he was briefly detained as a political prisoner. In 1986 he cofounded the Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU),and in 1993 FRODEBU won Burundi's general elections. He subsequently became the Minister of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry on 10 July,but in October Tutsi soldiers killed the president and other top officials in an attempted coup.
Michel Micombero was a Burundian politician and army officer who ruled the country as de facto military dictator for the decade between 1966 and 1976. He was the last Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Burundi from July to November 1966,and the first President of the Republic from November 1966 until his overthrow in 1976.
Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge was the penultimate king of Burundi who ruled between 1915 and 1966. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Mutaga IV Mbikije. Born while Burundi was under German colonial rule,Mwambutsa's reign mostly coincided with Belgian colonial rule (1916–62). The Belgians retained the monarchs of both Rwanda and Burundi under the policy of indirect rule.
Jean-Baptiste Bagaza was a Burundian army officer and politician who ruled Burundi as president and de facto military dictator from November 1976 to September 1987.
Pierre Ngendandumwe was a Burundian politician. He was a member of the Union for National Progress and was an ethnic Hutu. On 18 June 1963,about a year after Burundi gained independence and amidst efforts to bring about political cooperation between Hutus and the dominant minority Tutsis,Ngendandumwe became Burundi's first Hutu prime minister. He served as prime minister until 6 April 1964 and then became prime minister again on 7 January 1965,serving until his death. Eight days after beginning his second term,he was assassinated by a Rwandan Tutsi refugee.
Joseph Bamina was a Burundian politician and member of the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) party. Bamina was Prime Minister from 26 January to 30 September 1965,and President of the Senate of Burundi in 1965. He and other leaders of the government were assassinated on 15 December 1965,by Tutsi soldiers during a reprisal effort to stop a coup by Hutu officers.
Joseph Cimpaye was a Burundian politician and writer.
PiéMasumbuko is a Burundian retired politician and physician as a member of the Union for National Progress and the acting Prime Minister of Burundi from January 15 to January 26 of 1965.
On 18–19 October 1965,a group of ethnic Hutu officers from the Burundian military and gendarmerie attempted to overthrow Burundi's government in a coup d'état. The rebels were frustrated with Burundi's monarch,Mwami Mwambutsa IV,who had repeatedly attempted to cement his control over the government and bypassed parliamentary norms despite Hutu electoral gains. Although the prime minister was shot and wounded,the coup failed due to the intervention of a contingent of troops led by Captain Michel Micombero. The attempted putsch provoked a backlash against Hutus in which thousands of people,including the participants in the coup,were killed. The coup also facilitated a militant Tutsi backlash against the monarchy resulting in two further coups which culminated in the abolition of the monarchy in November 1966 and the proclamation of a republic with Micombero as President of Burundi.
The Ikiza,or the Ubwicanyi (Killings),was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government,primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed,while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000.
Gilles Bimazubute was a Burundian politician.
Martin Ndayahoze was a Burundian military officer and government official who served variously as Minister of Information,Minister of Economy,and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Burundian National Army. He was the only Hutu military officer to serve in government under President Michel Micombero and frequently warned of the dangers of ethnic violence in his reports to the presidency. He was executed in 1972.
Artémon Simbananiye is a Burundian retired politician.
Gervais Nyangoma was a Burundian politician and diplomat.
The Definitive Constitution of the Kingdom of Burundi,sometimes called the "independence constitution",was the constitution of the independent Kingdom of Burundi from its promulgation in 1962 until its suspension in 1966.
Charles Baranyanka was a Burundian diplomat and historian.
Joseph Bukera is a Burundian jurist. He served as the Burundian Secretary of State for Justice,Surêté,and Immigration from March to 10 September 1965 and President of the Supreme Court of Burundi from 29 February 1968 to 8 October 1974.
Léon Ndenzako was a Burundian diplomat. He served as the Burundian Ambassador to the United States from 1963 to 1966 and as the Secretary of State for Diplomatic Affairs from July to November 1966.