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The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe were uninhabited at the time of the arrival of the Portuguese sometime between 1469 and 1471. After the islands were discovered by the explorers João de Santarém and Pêro Escobar, Portuguese navigators explored the islands and decided they would be a good location for bases to trade with the mainland.
The politics of São Tomé and Príncipe takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of state and the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. São Tomé has functioned under a multiparty system since 1990. Following the promulgation of a new constitution in 1990, São Tomé and Príncipe held multiparty elections for the first time since independence. Shortly after the constitution took effect, the National Assembly formally legalized opposition parties. Independent candidates also were permitted to participate in the January 1991 legislative elections.
Until independence in 1975, São Tomé and Príncipe had few ties abroad except those that passed through Portugal. Following independence, the new government sought to expand its diplomatic relationships. A common language, tradition, and colonial legacy have led to close collaboration between São Tomé and other ex-Portuguese colonies in Africa, particularly Angola. São Toméan relations with other African countries in the region, such as Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, are also good. In December 2000, São Tomé signed the African Union treaty; it was later ratified by the National Assembly.
São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities.
The Community of Portuguese Language Countries, also known as the Lusophone Community, is an international organization and political association of Lusophone nations across five continents, where Portuguese is an official language. The CPLP operates as a privileged, multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments, economies, non-governmental organizations, and peoples of the Lusofonia. The CPLP consists of 9 member states and 33 associate observers, located in Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, totaling 38 countries and 4 organizations.
Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes is a São Toméan politician who was the third president of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2003 to 2011.
Príncipe is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.
The Independent Democratic Action is a political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was established in 1994 by the then president Miguel Trovoada and is a politically centrist party.
Alda Neves da Graça do Espírito Santo, known as Alda do Espírito Santo or Alda Graça, was a poet from São Tomé and Príncipe working in the Portuguese language. She also served in the Santomean government after the country's independence.
Maria do Carmo Trovoada Pires de Carvalho Silveira served as the 13th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe from 8 June 2005 to 21 April 2006.
Patrice Émery Trovoada is a São Toméan politician who is the 15th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe since November 2022. He previously served as prime minister from February 2008 to June 2008, from August 2010 to December 2012 and again from November 2014 to December 2018.
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, about 150 km (93.21 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 km off the northwestern coast of Gabon. With a population of 201,800, São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest and second-least populous African sovereign state after Seychelles.
Aurélio Pires Quaresma Martins is a São Toméan journalist, businessman and politician, who until May 2018 was leader of the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP/PSD).
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Communities is a ministry of the Government of São Tomé and Príncipe. The current minister is Edite Tenjua, appointed in 2020.
Célia Posser is a lawyer and politician in São Tomé and Príncipe. She served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Maria do Carmo Silveira between 2005 and 2006 as Secretary of State for Public Administration and Social Communication. After leaving the government she remained in the country to continue to work as a lawyer and was elected head of national bar association in March 2017.
The Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe–Socialist Party is a political party on São Tomé and Príncipe founded in 2018 by António and Domingos Monteiro, who represented the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP/PSD) in the National Assembly until May 2018. Its main base is the southernmost municipality on São Tomé, Caué. Until 2020 it was known as simply the Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé (MCISTP).
Brazil–São Tomé and Príncipe relations are the bilateral relations between Brazil and São Tomé and Príncipe. Both nations are members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Carlos Manuel Vila Nova is a São Toméan politician who is the fifth and current president of São Tomé and Príncipe, since 2 October 2021. He served as the minister of Public Works and Natural Resources (2010–2012) and minister of Infrastructure, Natural Resources and the Environment (2014–2018) in successive governments of Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada.
São Toméan nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of São Tomé and Príncipe, as amended; the Nationality Law, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of São Tomé and Príncipe. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. São Toméan nationality is typically obtained under the principles of jus soli, i.e. by birth in the territory, or jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in São Tomé and Príncipe or abroad to parents with São Toméan nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
References
- ↑ "Parlamentares do Brasil e de São Tomé e Príncipe reúnem-se" (in Portuguese). 180 Graus. 18 May 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- 1 2 "São Tomé" (in Portuguese). Agencia Angola Presse. 11 May 2001. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ↑ Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 908. ISBN 9781857431834.
- ↑ "Presentation". CJCPLP. Archived from the original on 2018-01-14. Retrieved 2018-01-13.
- ↑ "Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) tem novo "Juíz-Presidente"". National Radio of Sao Tome and Principe. 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
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