Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass

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Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass is a 2001 stage adaptation of Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland , and the 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. It was written by Adrian Mitchell. [1] A 2 hour adaptation of both of Carroll's novels, it holds the distinction for currently being the most comprehensive stage adaptation of the books yet made, with the endings of both novels intact and only minor changes made for theatrical staging reasons. The play is available to licence worldwide for theatre performances through Concord Theatricals. [2]

Contents

Play inception

Mitchell's adaptation originated as a commission from the Royal Shakespeare Company. In his essay, "Millions of Alices" Mitchell revealed that he equally adapted Carroll's novels for his grandchildren: "Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll said he wrote Alice, to "please a child I loved (I don't remember any other motive)." That is the best reason in the world, and to please seven children I love is why I wrote this play." [3] The RSC 2001 programme further gives details on Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll, Victorian era Oxford, and the play's characters, these notes all aimed at a young audience. [4] The published script by Mitchell also includes Dodgson's own notes (originally published for Clarke's stage adaptation) on his characters to help guide actors in performance. [3]

In his play, Mitchell uses a somewhat fictionalized version of the biographically famous "Golden Afternoon" on the 4th of July 1862, when Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) first told the stories that would become the Alice novels to his friend Canon Robinson Duckworth and the Liddell children, Alice, Lorina, and Edith. Dodgson wrote the stories down, and much later, presented the manuscript of Alice's adventures Underground to Alice Liddell in November 1864. [5] [3] [6] In Mitchell's play, Dodgson tells both the Alice books in one day. In reality Alice's adventures in Wonderland was told across a few boating trips that summer, with Through the Looking-Glass made from even later stories that Dodgson told the Liddells when the sisters were learning how to play chess. [7]

Adrian Mitchell also decided in adapting to keep the self parody characters that Charles Dodgson wrote into his novels - Lorina Liddell doubles as the Lory, Edith Liddell as the Eaglet, Robinson Duckworth as the Duck, and Charles Dodgson himself as both the Dodo and The White Knight. Likewise,10 year old Alice Liddell in Mitchell's play can be doubled with the seven-year-old eccentric fictional Alice, or a director can choose to split the two Alice characters as two actors with different looks and mannerisms. [3] [7]

Synopsis

The 3 Liddell sisters, photographed by Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll in 1858. Edith, Ina and Alice Liddell on a Sofa MET DP296247.jpg
The 3 Liddell sisters, photographed by Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll in 1858.

Prologue: Oxford, 1862

In Oxford, on the 4th of July 1862, Alice Liddell (aged 10) her sisters Lorina (aged 13) and Edith (aged 6) and Canon Robinson Duckworth, drift down the river Thames on a "Golden afternoon" The boating crew sit for a river picnic, to listen to the stories told by their friend, writer Charles Dodgson (AKA Lewis Carroll) until the evening. Alice Liddell in particular listens intently. She imagines the other fictional "Alice" and all her adventures and dreams as Dodgson tells them.

Act 1: Alice in Wonderland

Alice, playing croquet in Wonderland, encounters the Duchess again. 1901 illustration by Peter Newell for Alice's adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll. 'Tut, tut, child!' said the Duchess.jpg
Alice, playing croquet in Wonderland, encounters the Duchess again. 1901 illustration by Peter Newell for Alice's adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll.

The imaginary Alice, aged 7 and a half, is bored with sitting on a riverbank during a sleepy, hot day. She follows an unusually dressed, late rabbit down a rabbit hole into Wonderland. She falls very slowly through a deep well packed with furniture and cupboards, and has time to think eccentrically about lessons and work out where she will land. Landing in a hall of endless doors, Alice tries adjusting her size with food and a drink, to fit a tiny door leading to a beautiful garden. As she fails, she cries an entire sea of tears. Shrinking her size again after being given a fan by the White Rabbit, Alice swims with an irritated Mouse in the pool of tears, who she annoys with talk about her beloved cat Dinah. At the shore, Alice and the Mouse run a caucus race with absurd animals and birds (all played by the same actors as the prologue boating party sisters and friends). Now a very small size, Alice seeks advice from a precise Caterpillar who gives her the secret of size changing. The correct size, Alice goes into a mysterious house. She defends a baby from an alarming Duchess and her Cook in the house's kitchen, whilst being fascinated by a grinning cat, called a Cheshire Cat, who sits on the rug. Alice takes the Duchess's baby away from the house, alarmed for its safety. Outside, it turns into a piglet and trots away, to her great surprise. Alice turns around and sees the Cheshire Cat sitting in a tree. The Cat reveals that everyone in Wonderland is bizarre and that Alice must be mad too, or else she wouldn't have stumbled into the world. The cat directs her to the March Hare's house and leaves Alice in wonder at its famous vanishing trick, leaving its grin only to be seen in the trees. Alice follows the cat's advice and sits down to take tea with the strange Hatter, March Hare, and Dormouse. The riddles, rhymes and nonsense they tell infuriates her as much as it amuses her. When the Hatter insults her, Alice decides she must leave the party. Finding a way into the garden she had glimpsed at the bottom of the rabbit hole, Alice is dismayed to find it is the realm of the bad tempered Queen of Hearts, who loves beheading her subjects. Alice, along with the Queen's subjects, who turn out to be everyone Alice has met so far, plays croquet with hedgehogs and flamingos. Alice talks with the Duchess, before the Queen spoils the fun through ordering the Duchess to leave or be executed. Alice meets again with the Cheshire cat, who offends the King, but avoids execution by the Queen via vanishing. Alice goes to Wonderland's seashore, and meets with a sad Mock Turtle and his friend the Gryphon, who teach her the Lobster Quadrille dance. Alice's adventures in Wonderland end at a surreal trial for the Knave of Hearts, where the Hatter's evidence is puns and rhymes, and the Duchess's Cook's is making everyone sneeze with pepper. Growing suddenly after eating a tart from the evidence, Alice comes to blows with the Queen of Hearts. A pack of cards attack her and she falls, awaking in an armchair, in her drawing room at home. Her sisters look across the room at Alice in some surprise. Alice talks to the sisters (who also happen to be called Lorina and Edith, a reference to Alice Liddell's sisters) about her dream of Wonderland. Snow begins to come down outside, to the children's delight.

Act 2 : Through the Looking-Glass

Alice climbs through the looking Glass, 1902 illustration by Peter Newell for Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice found there (1872) by Lewis Carroll. Peter Newell - Through the looking glass and what Alice found there 1902 - page 10.jpg
Alice climbs through the looking Glass, 1902 illustration by Peter Newell for Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice found there (1872) by Lewis Carroll.

Act 2 continues with the fictional Alice unwittingly annoying her sisters by attempting to play a chess game with them. Lorina, cold and alienated, goes to bed. Edith, too young to understand the game, leaves as she fears she will lose. Alice is left with her three cats, Kitty, Snowdrop, and old cat Dinah. The night grows later. Alice drifts into a daydream before being drawn to the mirror above the fireplace, which she magically traverses. On the other side, she reads a nonsense poem, Jabberwocky , by holding a book up to the glass so the words can be read. The poem is a nonsense epic about a monster's death. Outside the mirror house is the Looking-Glass World, another world which turns out to be just as strange as Wonderland was. Alice meets the Red Queen, who is governess like and sharp. She explains that Alice has become a pawn in the game, and must now adventure to get to the 8th square. After a surreal train ride, Alice meets childish Tweedle-Dum and Tweedle-Dee who argue over a rattle and tell Alice she is only the dream of the sleeping Red King. In the forest further Alice meets a White Queen who remembers things before they happen. In a magical shop, she buys an egg from an old Sheep, remembering she must meet Humpty Dumpty in the next square. As Alice suspects, the egg turns into arrogant egg Humpty Dumpty. Alice finds she is standing by his wall in the 6th square. Alice and Humpty argue about names, cravats, and meaning, before he falls off his wall. Alice sees the White King' s soldiers fall over as they try to put Humpty back together. The White King and his messengers, a Hare and a Hatter, take Alice to a small village to meet the Lion and the Unicorn from the famous rhyme, who are fighting for the White King's crown. Alice discovers the Lion considers her a monster. Drums close in and Alice jumps to the 7th square to shield herself from the noise. In the 7th Square, the kindly White Knight (played by the same actor who plays Charles Dodgson) saves Alice from a bizarre battle with the Red Knight. He helps Alice through the thick forest. He keeps falling off his horse so Alice helps him back. He tells her about useless inventions he has made, that Alice finds very funny. Before leaving, the Knight tenderly sings Alice a nonsense song and sees her to the 8th Square, but not before falling off his horse one final time. Alice runs across the brook and realises she suddenly has a beautiful but very heavy golden crown on her head. At Alice's coronation banquet in the 8th square, the Red and White Queens "test" Alice on knowledge with questions that make no sense. Alice enjoys the guests and party, but suddenly, the Jabberwock monster from the poem descends on the crowd. Alice wakes with a start at home, on the rug, on the right side of the mirror. She is holding her cats Kitty and Snowdrop in her hands. She muses on the meaning of her second dream adventure and concludes her kitten Kitty was the Red Queen, and Snowdrop was the White Queen. Alice wonders if the dream of Looking-Glass World was hers or the Red King's.

Epilogue: Oxford, 1862

The last page of Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll's original manuscript of the first Alice book, then titled Alice's adventures Underground (1864). Alice Liddell's photograph is enclosed. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, illustrated by Carroll for Alice Liddell, last page.jpg
The last page of Charles Dodgson/Lewis Carroll's original manuscript of the first Alice book, then titled Alice's adventures Underground (1864). Alice Liddell's photograph is enclosed.

In Oxford on the bank of the Thames, it is evening. Alice Liddell hears Dodgson's voice calling her, as she is so immersed in his storytelling she has forgotten all track of time. Alice Liddell gets into the boat with her sisters and the two grown up friends to leave for the day. She has been so mesmerised by Mr Dodgson's stories about the fictional Alice that she implores him to "Write down Alice's adventures." Charles Dodgson promises he will try. The boating crew row home.

Main characters and cast members

Character2001 Royal Shakespeare Company cast [13]
Alice Liddell / "Alice"Katherine Heath
Dodgson/ "Dodo" / "The White Knight" Daniel Flynn
Duckworth/"Duck"/ "The Red Knight" Jamie de Courcey
Lorina Liddell/ "Lory" Rosalie Craig
Edith Liddell/ "Eaglet"Laura Main
The White Rabbit Richard Henders
Unseen VoiceFlora Dunn
Voice of CakePaul Leonard
Voice of BottleSarah Redmond
Voice of CrocodileFlora Dunn
MouseAdam Sims
MagpieSarah Quist
CanaryFlora Dunn
CaterpillarJohn Conroy
Father William Robert Horwell
YouthJamie Golding
Fish FootmanChristopher Key
Frog FootmanPaul Kissaun
Baby VoiceSarah Quist
Duchess Robert Horwell
CookFlora Dunn
Cheshire CatSarah Redmond
Mad Hatter / HattaChris Larner
March Hare / HaighaMartin Turner
DormouseMarilyn Cutts
The Queen of Hearts / The Red Queen Liza Sadovy
The Knave of Hearts Dominic Marsh
King of Hearts John Hodgkinson
Ace of Clubs(first soldier)John Conroy
GryphonMartyn Elis
Mock TurtlePaul Leonard
Tiger-LilySarah Redmond
GoatMitchell Moreno
Railway GuardJohn Hodgkinson
Man in White PaperPaul Leonard
BeetleMark McLean
HorsePaul Kissaun
Faun Dominic Marsh
Tweedle-DumJamie Golding
Tweedle-DeeAdam Sims
Walrus Robert Horwell
CarpenterChris Larner
Red KingPaul Leonard
White Queen / SheepMarilyn Cutts
Humpty DumptyMartyn Elis
White KingJohn Conroy
LionMark Maclean
UnicornJohn Hodgkinson
Aged, Aged ManMartin Turner

Musical numbers

Alice takes tea with the Hatter, March Hare, and Dormouse in Wonderland. Illustration by John Tenniel for Alice's adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll. Alice par John Tenniel 25.png
Alice takes tea with the Hatter, March Hare, and Dormouse in Wonderland. Illustration by John Tenniel for Alice's adventures in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll.

Act 1: Alice's adventures in Wonderland

In the Looking-Glass World, Alice watches Heigha give the White King a sandwich when he feels faint. Illustration by John Tenniel for Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice found there (1872) by Lewis Carroll. The king from Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There.jpg
In the Looking-Glass World, Alice watches Heigha give the White King a sandwich when he feels faint. Illustration by John Tenniel for Through the Looking-Glass and what Alice found there (1872) by Lewis Carroll.

Act 2: Through the Looking-Glass

Critical Reception: Original Royal Shakespeare Company 2001 production

The review in The Independent called the original 2001 Royal Shakespeare Company production "a magic-free tundra of non-idiosyncrasy" and its Alice, played by Katherine Heath, "charmless". [1] The Guardian thought it faithful to Carroll's text, but called it a game of two halves, Wonderland working well enough, but that Looking-Glass went "off the boil." [14] Media studies scholar Will Brooker noted in his 2004 cultural research on Lewis Carroll and the Alice books, that some of the negative reviews of the RSC production, could be interpreted as the play not fitting into the media discourse around the novels at that time. Brooker notes that reviewing journalists wanted "dark undertones" in how Wonderland and Looking-Glass World were portrayed. Brooker further adds that Mitchell's script, being family friendly, did not offer this fully. [15]

Critical Reception: Revivals

The play received a significant revival at the Chichester Festival Theatre in 2010 by the Youth Theatre. This revival, unlike its premiere, received more positive reviews, the Angus noting Emily Dyble's "delightful" performance as Alice. [16] The 2022 revival by ARTComedia and Jersey Arts centre also received a positive response, with the Bailwick Express Jersey observing "The sheer scale of the madness played out over the two hours beggars any kind of coherent description, as it should." [17] Other productions such as Courtyard Theatre's have been praised for being "vibrant, colourful and energetic" [18]

The play has become a popular staple of regional and amateur theatre, in particular with Universities [19] Youth Companies [20] , and Schools due to its easy licencing availability, large flexible cast list, and faithfulness to Carroll's original novels.

References

  1. 1 2 Taylor, Paul (15 November 2001). "Alice in Wonderland, RSC The Barbican, London" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 2017-04-03. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  2. "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass (Mitchell)". Concord Theatricals. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Mitchell, Adrian (2001). Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. London: Oberon Books. ISBN   978-1-84002-256-8.
  4. Mitchell, Adrian (2001). Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Stratford Upon-avon: Royal Shakespeare Company. p. 10.
  5. ""I cannot remember any other motive…": the chronology of creating Wonderland". Contrariwise: the Blog. 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
  6. Lovett, Charles (Spring 2002). "Avon Calling". Knight Letter, Journal of the Lewis Carroll Society of North America. 68: 15 via Archive.org.
  7. 1 2 Woolf, Jenny (2010). The mystery of Lewis Carroll: understanding the author of Alice's adventures in wonderland (1. publ ed.). London: Haus Books. ISBN   978-1-906598-68-6.
  8. Dodgson, Charles (1858), Edith, Ina and Alice Liddell on a Sofa , retrieved 2026-01-13
  9. "Lewis Carroll - Edith, Ina and Alice Liddell on a Sofa - The Metropolitan Museum of Art". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2026-01-13.
  10. Newell, Peter (1901), English: Illustrations by Peter Newell for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland , retrieved 2026-01-13
  11. "Category:Through the looking glass and what Alice found there (1902) - Wikimedia Commons". commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2026-01-13.
  12. mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table{background-color:#f0f0ff;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:95%;text-align:start;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>th{background-color:var (1864), Dernière page du manuscrit illustré des Aventures d'Alice au pays des merveilles destiné à Alice Liddell (f.46v/p.90) , retrieved 2026-01-13{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. Mitchell, Adrian; Carroll, Lewis (2001). Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2013 ed.). London, UK: Oberon Books Ltd. pp. 9–10. ISBN   978-1-84002-256-8.
  14. Billington, Michael (15 November 2001). "Alice in Wonderland". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  15. Brooker, Will (2004). "The Man in White Paper". Alice's Adventures: Lewis Carroll in Popular culture (1st ed.). New York: Continuum. p. 71. ISBN   9780826417541.
  16. Jerram, Barrie (22 December 2010). "Alice In Wonderland, Chichester Festival Theatre, Chichester, Dec 21 until Jan 1". The Angus. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  17. Express, Bailiwick. "REVIEW: A family-friendly fever dream". Bailiwick Express Jersey. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  18. "Wonderful Wonderland at The Courtyard". Hereford Times. 2017-04-20. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
  19. "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass | Past Shows | Shows | News and Events". alra.co.uk. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
  20. Corin (2017-04-20). "Wonderyard Success at The Courtyard!". The Courtyard. Retrieved 2026-01-06.

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