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Celibacy is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons. It is often in association with the role of a religious official or devotee. In its narrow sense, the term celibacy is applied only to those for whom the unmarried state is the result of a sacred vow, act of renunciation, or religious conviction. In a wider sense, it is commonly understood to only mean abstinence from sexual activity.
Clerical celibacy is the requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried. Clerical celibacy also requires abstention from deliberately indulging in sexual thoughts and behavior outside of marriage, because these impulses are regarded as sinful. Vows of celibacy are generally required for monks and nuns in Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and other religions, but often not for other clergy.
Marriage in the Catholic Church, also known as holy matrimony, is the "covenant by which a man and woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring", and which "has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament between the baptized". Catholic matrimonial law, based on Roman law regarding its focus on marriage as a free mutual agreement or contract, became the basis for the marriage law of all European countries, at least up to the Reformation.
Clerical marriage is the practice of allowing Christian clergy to marry. This practice is distinct from allowing married persons to become clergy. Clerical marriage is admitted among Protestants, including both Anglicans and Lutherans. Some Protestant clergy and their children have played an essential role in literature, philosophy, science, and education in Early Modern Europe.
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The Diocese of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small independent city-state and enclave within the city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Emmanuel Milingo is an excommunicated former Roman Catholic archbishop from Zambia. He was ordained in 1958; in 1969, aged 39, Milingo was consecrated by Pope Paul VI as the bishop of the Archdiocese of Lusaka. In 1983, he stepped down from his position as Archbishop of Lusaka after criticism for exorcism and faith healing practices that were not approved by church authorities. In 2001, when Milingo was 71, he received a marriage blessing from Sun Myung Moon, the leader of the Unification Church, despite the prohibition on marriage for ordained priests. In July 2006, he established Married Priests Now!, an advocacy organization to promote the acceptance of married priests in the Roman Catholic Church.
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Mangalorean Catholics are an ethno-religious community of Latin Christians from the Diocese of Mangalore and the erstwhile South Canara area, by the southwestern coast of present-day Karnataka, India.
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The caste system among South Asian Christians often reflects stratification by sect, location, and the caste of their predecessors. There exists evidence to show that Christian individuals have mobility within their respective castes. But, in some cases, social inertia caused by their old traditions and biases against other castes remain, causing caste system to persist among South Asian Christians, to some extent. Christian priests, nuns, Dalits and similar groups are found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
Clerical celibacy is the discipline within the Catholic Church by which only unmarried men are ordained to the episcopate, to the priesthood in the Latin Church, and similarly to the diaconate. In other autonomous particular churches, the discipline applies only to the episcopate. According to Jason Berry of The New York Times, "The requirement of celibacy is not dogma; it is an ecclesiastical law that was adopted in the Middle Ages because Rome was worried that clerics' children would inherit church property and create dynasties." For several hundred years after the imposition of celibacy on secular (non-monastic/religious) clergy the sale of church offices continued. The first male issue of non-married concubines of celibate clergy became set to continue the dynasty. To curtail this clerical abuse, the Latin Church imposed a ban on the ordination of bastards. This policy ended almost 800 years later in the 20th century.
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Maria Emilia Menezes was President of the All India Catholic Union (AICU) from 2000 until 2004. She followed Norbert D'Souza and was succeeded by John Dayal.
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Peter Garnett Marbaniang was an Indian parliamentarian, legislator and academic from the state of Meghalaya. He served as a Member of the Lok Sabha from 1989 to 1996, as Speaker of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly and as a Minister in the Government of Meghalaya. He was the President of the All India Catholic Union from 1994 to 1996.
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References
- ↑ "Office Bearers". All India Catholic Union. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- 1 2 Frederick Noronha (22 February 2012). "A tale of two priests". Herald (Goa). Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chhotebhai (6 August 2010). "NORONHAS OF KANPUR" . Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chhotebhai Noronha (5 December 2008). "V. P. SINGH: AN ENIGMA OR ENEMA?". Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- 1 2 Rita Monteiro (24–31 October 1992). "Belief, Law and Justice for Women: Debate on Proposed Christian Marriage and Matrimonial Causes Bill, 1990" (PDF). Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved 17 April 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ George Iype (28 May 1995). "Church groups pushing for better marriage law" (PDF). Retrieved 17 April 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "Move to introduce Christian marriage bill hailed". Times of India. 28 April 2000. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chhotebhai (22 October 2009). "Kanpur's Catholics Committed to Service". Sezari World. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chhotebhai (22 December 2009). "Inter-Religious Prayer for Peace". Sezari World. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ "All India Catholic Union ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 2011" (PDF). AICU. Retrieved 17 April 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "Marriage ruling gets mixed Response in India". Vatican Radio. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ "Mixed response on marriage ruling". CCBI News. 10 August 2011. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ C.M. Paul (10 February 2012). "Masihi Satsang New Teleserial Starts on Saturday 11 February 2012" . Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chhotebhai (23 February 2012). "How safe are celibates?". UCAN India. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ "St. Patrick's Church Kanpur Begins Sesquicentennial Jubilee Celebration". SAR News. 10 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2012.