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In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules called a formal grammar.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz or Leibnitz was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the invention of calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics. Leibniz has been called the "last universal genius" due to his knowledge and skills in different fields and because such people became much less common after his lifetime with the coming of the Industrial Revolution and the spread of specialized labor. He is a prominent figure in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, law, history, philology, games, music, and other studies. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics and computer science.
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to linguistics:
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Mathesis universalis is a hypothetical universal science modelled on mathematics envisaged by Descartes and Leibniz, among a number of other 16th- and 17th-century philosophers and mathematicians. For Leibniz, it would be supported by a calculus ratiocinator. John Wallis invokes the name as title in his Opera Mathematica, a textbook on arithmetic, algebra, and Cartesian geometry.
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This is an index of Wikipedia articles in philosophy of language
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References
- ↑ Leibniz, De Alphabeto cogitationum humanorum, (April 1679 to April 1681 (?)), Akademie VI.4 p.270
- ↑ Geiger, Richard A.; Rudzka-Ostyn, Brygida, eds. (1993). Conceptualizations and mental processing in language. International Cognitive Linguistics Conference (1 : 1989 : Duisburg). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-3-11-012714-0.
- ↑ Bunnin, Nicholas; Jiyuan Yu (2004). The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy. Blackwell Publishing. p. 715. ISBN 978-1-4051-0679-5.
- ↑ Hatfield, Gary (3 December 2008). "René Descartes, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2014 Edition)". plato.stanford.edu. Stanford University. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
he offered a new vision of the natural world that continues to shape our thought today: a world of matter possessing a few fundamental properties and interacting according to a few universal laws.
- ↑ Chomsky, Noam (13 April 2000). New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 425–428. ISBN 0521658225.
I mentioned that modern generative grammar has sought to address concerns that animated the tradition; in particular, the Cartesian idea that "the true distinction" (Descartes 1649/1927: 360) between humans and other creatures or machines is the ability to act in the manner they took to be most clearly illustrated in the ordinary use of language: without any finite limits, influenced but not determined by internal state, appropriate to situations but not caused by them, coherent and evoking thoughts that the hearer might have expressed, and so on. The goal of the work I have been discussing is to unearth some of the factors that enter into such normal practice.
- ↑ Russell, L.J. (1985). "Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm". In Paul Edwards (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy Volumes 3 and 4. Macmillan Publishing. pp. 422–423. ASIN B0017IMQME.
his main emphasis... was on classification, deduction was a natural consequence of combining classified items into new classes.
- ↑ "PARCForum Presentation by Giannandrea, J." YouTube. min 37+. Retrieved 2015-10-30.