Ambient backscatter

Last updated

Ambient backscatter [1] uses existing radio frequency signals, such as radio, television and mobile telephony, to transmit data without a battery or power grid connection. Each such device uses an antenna to pick up an existing signal and convert it into tens to hundreds of microwatts of electricity. [2] It uses that power to modify and reflect the signal with encoded data. Antennas on other devices, in turn, detect that signal and can respond accordingly.

Contents

Initial implementations can communicate over several feet of distance, even if the transmission towers are up to 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) away. Transmission rates were 1k bits per second between devices situated 0.45 metres (1 ft 6 in) apart inside and 0.75 metres (2 ft 6 in) apart outside, sufficient to handle text messages or other small data sets. Circuit sizes can be as small as 1 sq. mm. [2] Later implementation uses Wi-Fi, [3] Bluetooth, [4] FM radio [5] and LoRa transmissions. [6] [7] There exists technology to extend backscatter communication range up-to 3.4 kilometers while consuming 70 μW power at the backscatter tag. [8]

This approach would let mobile and other devices communicate without being turned on. [9] It would also allow unpowered sensors to communicate, allowing them to function in places where external power cannot be conveniently supplied. [10]

In 2021, researchers integrated RF backscatter with Li-Fi to achieve greater range via PassiveLiFi. [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Home automation</span> Building automation for a home

Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless power transfer</span> Transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link

Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission system, an electrically powered transmitter device generates a time-varying electromagnetic field that transmits power across space to a receiver device; the receiver device extracts power from the field and supplies it to an electrical load. The technology of wireless power transmission can eliminate the use of the wires and batteries, thereby increasing the mobility, convenience, and safety of an electronic device for all users. Wireless power transfer is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wireless mesh network</span> Radio nodes organized in a mesh topology

A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It can also be a form of wireless ad hoc network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nordic Semiconductor</span> Norwegian multinational semiconductors manufacturer

Nordic Semiconductor ASA was founded in 1983 and is a Norwegian fabless technology company with its headquarters in Trondheim, Norway. The company specializes in designing ultra-low-power wireless communication semiconductors and supporting software for engineers developing and manufacturing Internet of Things (IoT) products.

In computer networking, linear network coding is a program in which intermediate nodes transmit data from source nodes to sink nodes by means of linear combinations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edge computing</span> Distributed computing paradigm

Edge computing is a distributed computing model that brings computation and data storage closer to the sources of data. More broadly, it refers to any design that pushes computation physically closer to a user, so as to reduce the latency compared to when an application runs on a centralized data centre.

A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers or wireless access points. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. The determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and the routing algorithm in use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ian F. Akyildiz</span> President and CTO of the Truva Inc

Ian F. Akyildiz is a Turkish-American electrical engineer. He received his BS, MS, and PhD degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, in 1978, 1981 and 1984, respectively. Currently, he is the President and CTO of the Truva Inc. since March 1989. He retired from the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at Georgia Tech in 2021 after almost 35 years service as Ken Byers Chair Professor in Telecommunications and Chair of the Telecom group.

Wi-Fi positioning system is a geolocation system that uses the characteristics of nearby Wi‑Fi access points to discover where a device is located.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Underwater acoustic communication</span> Wireless technique of sending and receiving messages through water

Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages in water. There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is by using hydrophones. Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges. Compared to terrestrial communication, underwater communication has low data rates because it uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.

Bluetooth Low Energy is a wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group aimed at novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries. Compared to Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy is intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption and cost while maintaining a similar communication range.

Self-interference cancellation (SIC) is a signal processing technique that enables a radio transceiver to simultaneously transmit and receive on a single channel, a pair of partially-overlapping channels, or any pair of channels in the same frequency band. When used to allow simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency, sometimes referred to as “in-band full-duplex” or “simultaneous transmit and receive,” SIC effectively doubles spectral efficiency. SIC also enables devices and platforms containing two radios that use the same frequency band to operate both radios simultaneously.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor Bahl</span> American computer scientist

Victor Bahl is an American Technical Fellow and CTO of Azure for Operators at Microsoft. He started networking research at Microsoft. He is known for his research contributions to white space radio data networks, radio signal-strength based indoor positioning systems, multi-radio wireless systems, wireless network virtualization, edge computing, and for bringing wireless links into the datacenter. He is also known for his leadership of the mobile computing community as the co-founder of the ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data, and Computing (SIGMOBILE). He is the founder of international conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Conference (MobiSys), and the founder of ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, a quarterly scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed technical papers, opinion columns, and news stories related to wireless communications and mobility. Bahl has received important awards; delivered dozens of keynotes and plenary talks at conferences and workshops; delivered over six dozen distinguished seminars at universities; written over hundred papers with more than 65,000 citations and awarded over 100 US and international patents. He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, IEEE, and American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Time Slotted Channel Hopping or Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a channel access method for shared-medium networks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LoRa</span> Wireless communication technology

LoRa is a physical proprietary radio communication technique. It is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. It was developed by Cycleo, a company of Grenoble, France, and patented in 2014. Cycleo was later acquired by Semtech.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition (computer science)</span>

Transition refers to a computer science paradigm in the context of communication systems which describes the change of communication mechanisms, i.e., functions of a communication system, in particular, service and protocol components. In a transition, communication mechanisms within a system are replaced by functionally comparable mechanisms with the aim to ensure the highest possible quality, e.g., as captured by the quality of service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RF CMOS</span> Integrated circuit technology that integrates radio-frequency, analog and digital electronics

RF CMOS is a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology that integrates radio-frequency (RF), analog and digital electronics on a mixed-signal CMOS RF circuit chip. It is widely used in modern wireless telecommunications, such as cellular networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS receivers, broadcasting, vehicular communication systems, and the radio transceivers in all modern mobile phones and wireless networking devices. RF CMOS technology was pioneered by Pakistani engineer Asad Ali Abidi at UCLA during the late 1980s to early 1990s, and helped bring about the wireless revolution with the introduction of digital signal processing in wireless communications. The development and design of RF CMOS devices was enabled by van der Ziel's FET RF noise model, which was published in the early 1960s and remained largely forgotten until the 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moustafa Youssef</span> Egyptian computer scientist

Moustafa Youssef is an Egyptian computer scientist who was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2019 for contributions to wireless location tracking technologies and a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 2019 for contributions to location tracking algorithms. He is the first and only ACM Fellow in the Middle East and Africa.

WiFi sensing uses existing Wi-Fi signals to detect events or changes such as motion, gesture recognition, and biometric measurement. WiFi sensing is a combination of Wi-Fi and radar sensing technology working in tandem to enable usage of the same Wi-Fi transceiver hardware and RF spectrum for both communication and sensing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthias Grossglauser</span> Swiss communication engineer

Matthias Grossglauser is a Swiss communication engineer. He is a professor of computer science at EPFL and co-director of the Information and Network Dynamics Laboratory (INDY) at EPFL's School of Computer and Communication Sciences School of Basic Sciences.

References

  1. ↑ Liu, Vincent; Parks, Aaron; Talla, Vamsi; Gollakota, Shyamnath; Wetherall, David; Smith, Joshua R. (2013). "Ambient backscatter: Wireless communication out of thin air". Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM. pp. 39–50. doi:10.1145/2486001.2486015. ISBN   978-1-4503-2056-6.
  2. 1 2 "Battery-free short-range wireless communication between devices". KurzweilAI. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  3. ↑ "WiFi Backscatter". iotwifi.cs.washington.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  4. ↑ Ensworth, Joshua F.; Reynolds, Matthew S. (September 2017). "BLE-Backscatter: Ultralow-Power IoT Nodes Compatible With Bluetooth 4.0 Low Energy (BLE) Smartphones and Tablets". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 65 (9): 3360–3368. Bibcode:2017ITMTT..65.3360E. doi:10.1109/TMTT.2017.2687866. ISSN   0018-9480. S2CID   44760506.
  5. ↑ "FM Backscatter". smartcities.cs.washington.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  6. ↑ "Long-Range Backscatter". longrange.cs.washington.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
  7. ↑ Peng, Yao; Shangguan, Longfei; Hu, Yue; Qian, Yujie; Lin, Xianshang; Chen, Xiaojiang; Fang, Dingyi; Jamieson, Kyle (2018-08-07). "PLoRa". Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication. SIGCOMM '18. Budapest, Hungary: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 147–160. doi: 10.1145/3230543.3230567 . ISBN   978-1-4503-5567-4.
  8. ↑ Varshney, Ambuj; Pérez-Penichet, Carlos; Rohner, Christian; Voigt, Thiemo (2017-11-06). "LoRea". Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems. SenSys '17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1145/3131672.3136996. ISBN   978-1-4503-5459-2. S2CID   3938018.
  9. ↑ Georgia Institute of Technology. "Backscatter breakthrough runs near-zero-power IoT communicators at 5G speeds everywhere". techxplore.com. Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  10. ↑ "Ambient backscatter tech allows devices to communicate, sans batteries". Gizmag.com. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  11. ↑ "IoT Devices Will No Longer Need to Rely on Batteries to Operate". Hackster.io. Retrieved 2021-11-27.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.