American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists

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The American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists (AAPB) was an American national professional association established in 1901, devoted to fundamental science and academic medicine as distinct from clinical medicine. In 1976, they joined with the American Society for Experimental Pathology (ASEP) to form the American Association of Pathologists (AAP), which in 1992 became the American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP). [1]

A professional association seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit organization for tax purposes.

Basic research, also called pure research or fundamental research, has the scientific research aim to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or prediction of natural or other phenomena. Applied research, in turn, uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven by curiosity, basic research fuels applied science's innovations. The two aims are often coordinated in research and development.

The American Society for Investigative Pathology (ASIP) is a society of biomedical scientists who investigate mechanisms of disease. ASIP membership includes scientists in the academic, government, hospital, and pharmaceutical arenas that focus their research on the pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and manifestations of disease. Research findings are ultimately used in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. The word pathology is derived from the Greek word "pathos" meaning "disease."

Contents

The AAPB took over the Journal of the Boston Society of Medical Sciences, and renamed it the Journal of Medical Research. The first issue was published in July 1901.

In 1924 the Council voted to end the Journal of Medical Research and with a grant from the General Education Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, the AAPB started the American Journal of Pathology on January 1, 1925, noting on the cover that it was a continuation of the Journal of Medical Research. [2]

The Rockefeller Foundation is a private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. It was established by the six-generation Rockefeller family. The Foundation was started by Standard Oil owner John D. Rockefeller ("Senior"), along with his son John D. Rockefeller Jr. ("Junior"), and Senior's principal oil and gas business and philanthropic advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates, in New York State on May 14, 1913, when its charter was formally accepted by the New York State Legislature.

Past presidents of the AAPB

Ludvig Hektoen was an American pathologist. Hektoen published widely and served as editor of a number of medical journals. In 1942, Hektoen received the American Medical Association's Distinguished Service Medal for his life's work.

Simon Flexner American scientist

Simon Flexner, M.D. was a physician, scientist, administrator, and professor of experimental pathology at the University of Pennsylvania (1899–1903). He served as the first director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (1901–1935) and a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation. He was also a friend and adviser to John D. Rockefeller Jr..

James Ewing (pathologist) American pathologist

James Stephen Ewing was an American pathologist. He was the first Professor of pathology at Cornell University and became famous with the discovery of a form of malignant bone tumor that later became known as Ewing's sarcoma.

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George Whipple American physician and biomedical researcher

George Hoyt Whipple was an American physician, pathologist, biomedical researcher, and medical school educator and administrator. Whipple shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anemia". This makes Whipple the only Nobel laureate born in New Hampshire, and the first of several Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Rochester.

Ernest William Goodpasture American pathologist and physician

Ernest William Goodpasture was an American pathologist and physician. Goodpasture advanced the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, parasitism, and a variety of rickettsial and viral infections. Together with colleagues at Vanderbilt University, he invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae in chicken embryos and fertilized chicken eggs. This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and other diseases. He also described Goodpasture syndrome.

Sidney Farber American physician

Sidney Farber was an American pediatric pathologist. He is regarded as the father of modern chemotherapy for his work using folic acid antagonists to combat leukemia, which led to the development of other chemotherapeutic agents against other malignancies. Farber was also active in cancer research advocacy and fundraising, most notably through his establishment of the Jimmy Fund, a foundation dedicated to pediatric research in childhood cancers. The Dana–Farber Cancer Institute is named after him.

John Joseph Mackenzie was a Canadian pathologist and bacteriologist. He was born at St. Thomas, Ontario, and was educated at Toronto, Leipzig, and Berlin universities, and later was appointed bacteriologist at the Ontario Board of Health. In 1900 he became professor of pathology and bacteriology in Toronto University. He was made fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1909), president of the Canadian Institute (1909), and a member of the Society of American Bacteriologists and of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists. He contributed scientific papers to the medical press and published Recent Theories in Regard to the Causes of Immunity to Infectious Disease (1907).

Kenneth Merle Brinkhous (1908–2000) was a professor and chairperson in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Brinkhous remained active in research until shortly before his death.

Eugene Lindsay Opie American physician and pathologist

Eugene Lindsay Opie was an American physician and pathologist who conducted research on the causes, transmission, and diagnosis of tuberculosis and on immunization against the disease. He served as professor of pathology at several U.S. medical schools and as Dean of the Washington University School of Medicine.

Frank Burr Mallory American pathologist

Frank Burr Mallory (1862–1941) was an American pathologist at the Boston City Hospital and Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School, after whom the Mallory body is named.

The American Journal of Pathology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering pathology. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the American Society for Investigative Pathology, of which it is an official journal. The editor-in-chief is Martha B. Furie. The journal was established in 1896 as the Journal of the Boston Society of Medical Sciences and renamed The Journal of Medical Research in 1901, before obtaining its current title in 1925. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.057.

Henry Roy Dean pathologist

Henry Roy Dean, MD, LL.D, D.Sc, FRCP, also known as Prof. H. R. Dean, was a professor of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

Simeon Burt Wolbach was an American pathologist, researcher, teacher, and journal editor who elucidated the infection vectors for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and epidemic typhus. He was president of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and of the American Society for Experimental Pathology.

William Fiske Whitney American anatomist, pathologist and curator

William Fiske Whitney was an American anatomist, curator, and pathologist. Whitney was a pioneer in the field of the medical museum and originator of the method of quick diagnosis. An obituary describes him as "another of those early pioneers in pathology and the use of the microscope on this continent of whom his contemporaries, the late Sir William Osler and Prof. William H. Welch are notable examples." He specialized in anatomy, becoming one of the top experts in the country. Later, he was much sought after by the courts for his exceptional anatomical knowledge, especially in determining if poison had any bearing on a case.

Frederick Parker Gay was an American bacteriologist who combated typhoid fever and leprosy as well as studied the mechanism of immunity. He was a charter member of the Explorers Club.

Stewart Ranken Douglas FRS was a British pathologist, bacteriologist and immunologist.

Herbert Windsor Wade was an American doctor notable for his work on leprosy. He served as Medical Director of the Culion leper colony from 1922 to 1959.

Harry Gideon Wells was an American pathologist and immunologist.

Paul Roberts Cannon was an American physician and medical professor. He was a pioneer in the study of nutrional effects on immune response.

References

  1. American Society for Investigative Pathology (2018), An Executive Summary of the History of ASEP and Its Successors, archived from the original on 2018-06-30, retrieved 2018-06-30.
  2. Mallory, Frank Burr; American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists; American Society for Experimental Pathology; American Association of Pathologists; American Society for Investigative Pathology (16 June 2019). "The American journal of pathology". The American Journal of Pathology. OCLC   1479398.