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An ontbijtkoek, peperkoek or kruidkoek is a Dutch and Flemish spiced cake. Rye is its most important ingredient, coloring the cake light brown. It is often spiced with cloves, cinnamon, ginger, succade and nutmeg. Several parts of the Netherlands have their own local recipe, of which the most famous is oudewijvenkoek, which is mostly eaten in the northern regions, and is flavored with aniseed. Ontbijtkoek is traditionally served at breakfast with a thick layer of butter on top, as a replacement for bread, however, due to its sweet taste it is also served as a snack. It is best eaten the day after it is baked. Ontbijtkoek is also found in Indonesia due to its historical colonization by The Netherlands.
Alcohol causes cancers of the oesophagus, liver, breast, colon, oral cavity, rectum, pharynx, and larynx, and probably causes cancers of the pancreas. Consumption of alcohol in any quantity can cause cancer. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk, and no amount can be considered safe. Alcoholic beverages were classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1988.
Psycho-oncology is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of physical, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of the cancer experience for both patients and caregivers. Also known as psychiatric oncology or psychosocial oncology, researchers and practitioners in the field are concerned with aspects of individuals' experience with cancer beyond medical treatment, and across the cancer trajectory, including at diagnosis, during treatment, transitioning to and throughout survivorship, and approaching the end-of-life. Founded by Jimmie Holland in 1977 via the incorporation of a psychiatric service within the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, the field has expanded drastically since and is now universally recognized as an integral component of quality cancer care. Cancer centers in major academic medical centers across the country now uniformly incorporate a psycho-oncology service into their clinical care, and provide infrastructure to support research efforts to advance knowledge in the field.
Sidestream smoke is smoke which goes into the air directly from a burning cigarette, cigar, or smoking pipe. Sidestream smoke is the main component of second-hand smoke (SHS), also known as Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) or passive smoking. The relative quantity of chemical constituents of sidestream smoke are different from those of directly inhaled ("mainstream") smoke, although their chemical composition is similar. Sidestream smoke has been classified as a Class A carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
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Steven H. Zeisel is a Kenan Distinguished University Professor in Nutrition and Pediatrics; former Chairman, Department of Nutrition; Director Nutrition Research Institute, Director UNC Human Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Director UNC Center for Excellence in Children’s Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGT2B10 gene. It is responsible for glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine.
Joseph W. Cullen was an American cancer prevention and rehabilitation researcher and briefly director of the AMC Cancer Research Center (1989-1990). He previously worked at the VA Hospital in Maryland (1968-1973), the National Institutes of Health (1973), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (1976-1982), holding high-level positions such as division director at several. He was a coordinator, creator, and researcher for the Smoking Tobacco and Cancer Program at the NCI, the largest anti-smoking campaign in the world at that time. Cullen wrote more than 90 publications in his lifetime, including four books.
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention is a peer-reviewed medical journal devoted to research in the field of cancer epidemiology. Topics include descriptive, analytical, biochemical, and molecular epidemiology, the use of biomarkers to study the neoplastic and preneoplastic processes in humans, chemoprevention and other types of prevention trials, and the role of behavioral factors in cancer etiology and prevention. It is published by the American Association for Cancer Research and co-sponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.
Anti-malignin antibody is a putative general antibody marker for malignant cancers, and the basis for a cancer screening test marketed by Oncolab of Boston, Mass. Initial claims for the effectiveness of the test emerged in the refereed literature in the mid-1990s.
Selenium responsive proteins within human biology, are the class of proteins sensitive to selenium, in healthy human beings, in cancer patients, in in-vivo models or in-vitro cell culture models.
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Molecular pathological epidemiology is a discipline combining epidemiology and pathology. It is defined as "epidemiology of molecular pathology and heterogeneity of disease". Pathology and epidemiology share the same goal of elucidating etiology of disease, and MPE aims to achieve this goal at molecular, individual and population levels. Typically, MPE utilizes tissue pathology resources and data within existing epidemiology studies. Molecular epidemiology broadly encompasses MPE and conventional-type molecular epidemiology with the use of traditional disease designation systems.
Eugenia E. “Jeanne” Calle (1952–2009) was an American cancer epidemiologist.
Curtis. C. Harris is the head of the Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section and chief of the Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis at the Center for Cancer Research of the National Cancer Institute, NIH.
Xifeng Wu is a Chinese-American cancer epidemiologist known for her cohort studies designed to discover the causes of cancer. She has been Dean of the School of Public Health of Zhejiang University since March 2019. She previously served as Director of the Center for Public Health and Translational Genomics and the Betty B. Marcus Chair in Cancer Prevention at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center until she was forced to resign in January 2019, as part of the Trump administration's push to counter Chinese influence in American research according to Bloomberg Businessweek.
Xiaohong Rose Yang is an American biomedical scientist researching the genetics of dysplastic nevus syndrome and chordoma, and etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer. She is a senior investigator at the National Cancer Institute. Yang leads breast cancer studies in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia.
Ellen R. Gritz is an American psychologist and cancer researcher. She is Professor and Chair Emerita of the Department of Behavioral Science and Olla S. Stribling Distinguished Chair for Cancer Research at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.
References
- ↑ O'Neill, S. C.; Thompson, C. L.; Kapp, J. M.; Worthington, J. L.; Graves, K. D.; Madlensky, L. (8 August 2010). "Job Satisfaction in Cancer Prevention and Control: A Survey of the American Society of Preventive Oncology". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 19 (8): 2110–2112. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0629. PMC 3031912 . PMID 20696666.
- ↑ "Ribisl receives American Society of Preventive Oncology award for efforts to reduce tobacco use". Gillings School of Global Public Health News. University of North Carolina. 16 March 2017.
- ↑ Gritz, ER (1992). "Joseph W. Cullen Memorial Award Lecture. Paving the road from basic research to policy: cigarette smoking as a prototype issue for cancer control science". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 1 (6): 427–34. PMID 1302553.
- ↑ Trentham-Dietz, A.; Buist, D. S.M.; Kelly, K. M.; Jacobson, J. S.; Paskett, E. (1 September 2007). "Charting a Strategic Direction for the American Society of Preventive Oncology's Survivorship Interest Group". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 16 (9): 1912–1913. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0773 . PMID 17855715.
- ↑ Tompa, Rachel (15 March 2017). "What we're learning about cancer-causing bacteria and viruses". Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
